3.Oeiainiaay nenoaia e aa caaiuey. Oeiainiaue eiio?ieue.
Oeiainu (O) - yoi aeaiaaeiua ioiioaiey, aicieeathuea a i?ioeanna
?ani?aaeaeaiey aaeiaiai iauanoaaiiiai i?iaeoeoa a nayce n oi?ie?iaaieai
aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia o noauaeoia oicyenoaiaaiey e ainoaea?noaa e
eniieueciaaieai eo ia ?anoe?aiiia aini?iecaiaenoai, noeioee?iaaiea
?aaioathueo, oaeiaeaoai?aiea nioeeaeueiuo e ae?. iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa.
N iiiiuueth O oaeiaeaoai?ythony ?acee/iua ainoaea?noaaiiua e
iauanoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe: ia?aciaaiea; iaoea; iai?iia; cao?aou ia
nioeeaeueiua oeaee; oeo/oaiea aini?iecaiaenoaa eaieoaea e o.ae.
Oeiainiaua ioiioaiey iiaoo auoue iiaeaeaiu ia o?e noa?u: 1)O
i?aaei?eyoee, 2)no?aoiaaiea, 3)ainoaea?noaaiiua O. Aioo?e eaaeaeie ec
noa? auaeaeythony caaiuey. A noa?a O i?aaei?eyoee iiaeii auaeaeeoue
neaaeothuea caaiuey: a)O i?aaei?eyoee, ooieoeeiie?othueo ia eiiia?/aneeo
ia/aeao, a)O o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, inouanoaeythueo
iaeiiia?/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue, a)O iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee. A
no?aoiaie noa?a a ea/anoaa caaiueaa aunooiatho: a)nioeeaeueiia
no?aoiaaiea, a)eiouanoaaiiia no?aoiaaiea, a)ee/iia no?aoiaaiea,
a)no?aoiaaiea ?eneia. Caaiuey noa?u ainoaea?noaaiiuo O: a)ain athaeaeao,
a)aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu, a)ain e?aaeeo. Noa?u e caaiuey oeiainiauo
ioiioaiee acaeiinaycaiu e ia?acotho oeiainiaoth nenoaio. Eaaeaeia caaii
oei nenoaiu iiae?acaeaeyaony ia iiaecaaiuey a niioaaonoaee n aioo?aiiae
no?oeoo?ie. Oae, a ninoaaa O i?aaei?eyoee, aeaenoaothueo ia eiiia?/
iniiaa a caaeneiinoe: 1)Io io?aneaaie iai?aaeaiiinoe iiaoo auoue
au/eaiaiu O i?iiuoeaiiuo, naeueneioic , oi?aiauo, o?ainii?oiuo
i?aaei?eyoee; 2)Io oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe: O ain, /anoiuo, aeoeeiia?iuo
i?aaei?eyoee, e o.ae. A noa?a no?aoiauo ioiioaiee eaaeaeia ec caaiueaa
aeaeeony aeaeaa a caaeneiinoe io aeaea no?aoiaaiey. A ninoaaa
ainoaea?noaaiiuo O aeaeaiea aioo?e caaiueaa inouanoaeyaony a
niioaaonoaee n o?iaiai ain oi?aaeaiey: oaaea?aeueiue, noauaeoia
oaaea?aoeee, ianoiue.
Oeiainai i?enoue aeaa ooieoeee: 1)?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay - iaania/aiea
eaaeaeiai noauaeoa oicyenoaiaaiey iaiaoiaeeiuie aio oeiainiauie
?ano?naie. 2)Eiio?ieueiay ooieoeey. Aeaaiaea?y yoie ooieoeee O iauanoai
ciaao a)eae neeaaeuaathony i?iii?oeee a ?ani?aaeaeaiee aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa; a)ianeieueei naiaa?aiaiii oeiain ?ano?nu iinooiatho a
?anii?yaeaiea noauaeoia oicyenoaiaaiey, a)ianeieueei yeiiiiii e
yooaeoeaii iie eniieuecothony. Oei eiio?ieue yaeyaony oi?iie
eiio?ieueiie ooieoeee O. Oei eiio?ieue- yoi niaieoiiinoue aeaenoaee e
iia?aoeee ii i?iaa?ea oei aeayoaeueiinoe noauaeoia oicyenoaiaaiey e
oi?aaeaiey. A caaeneiinoe io noauaeoia, inouanoaeythueo eiio?ieue,
?acee/atho: ainoaea?noaaiiue, aioo?eoicyenoaaiiue, iauanoaaiiue e
iacaaeneiue(aoaeeoi?neee) eiio?ieue. Ain eiio?ieue ?aaeecoaony /a?ac
iauaainoaea?noaaiiue e aaaeiinoaaiiue. Iauaainoaea?noaaiiue
inouanoaeytho i?aaiu ain aeanoe eo oi?aaeaiey. Aaaeiinoaaiiue i?iaiaeyo
eiio?ieueii-?aaeceiiiua ioaeaeu ieienoa?noa, eiioea?iia e o.ae.
Aioo?eoicyenoaaiiue oei eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaony yeiiiie/aneeie
neoaeaaie i?aaei?eyoee. Iacaaeneiue eiio?ieue inouanoaeytho aoaeeoi?neea
oe?iu. Noauaeoaie oei eiio?iey yaeythony i?aaiu e i?aaiecaoeee,
iaaeaeaiiua eiio?ieueiuie ooieoeeyie. I?e caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaiao
nicaeathony eiio?ieueiua iaeaou. A ninoaaa ieienoa?noaa oeiainia
ooieoeeiie?otho eiio?ieueii-?aaeceiiiua oi?aaeaiey. Aineiiennee,
ieienoa?noaa e aaaeiinoaa i?iaiaeyo eiio?ieue ?aaeci?neei aiia?aoii.
I?aaiu iia?aoeaiiai oei eiio?iey- iaeiaiaua einiaeoeee. Aoaeeoi?neea
oe?iu inouanoaeytho aoaeeoi?neee eiio?ieue.
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4.Aeaiaaeiue iai?io e aai no?oeoo?a.
Aeaiaaeiue iai?io (AeI) i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ioeann iai?a?uaiiai
aeaeaeaiey aeaiaaeiuo ciaeia a iaee/iie e aaciaee/iie oi?iao. Ia?auaiea
aeaiaaeiuo ciaeia i?aaeiieaaaao eo iinoiyiiue ia?aoiae io iaeieo
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe e ae?oaei. Iai?eia?, aaie auaeaao aeaiueae (Ae)
i?aaei?eyoeth, ec eannu aaiea Ae iinooiatho ?aaioieeai, eioi?ua
iieoiatho oiaa?u ia ?uiea. I?iaeaaoeu oiaa?ia ia yoe Ae iieoiatho oiaa?u
a iaaaceiao. Iaaacei naeaao au?o/eo a aaie, e o.ae. Aeaiueae,
iaoiaeyueany a iai?ioa, auiieiytho o?e ooieoeee: 1)N?aaenoai ia?auaiey
(Ae eniieuecothony aeey iieaou oiaa?ia ); 2)N?aaenoai ieaoaaea (i?e
i?iaeaaea oiaa?ia a e?aaeeo); 3)N?aaenoai iaeiieaiey (Ae, inoaaoeany
iinea i?iaeaaee oiaa?ia e ia o/anoaothuea a iai?ioa). Ooieoeeth ia?u
noieiinoe aeaiueae, iaoiaeyueany a AeI, ia auiieiytho. Yoo ooieoeeth Ae
auiieieee aei aoiaeaeaiey a AeI, onoaiiaea oeaiu ia oiaa?u. AeI
neeaaeuaaaony ec ioaeaeueiuo eaiaeia aeaeaeaiey Ae iaaeaeo: 1)Oeaio?
aaieii e eiiia?/ aaieaie; 2)Eiiia?/ aaieaie; 3)I?aaei?eyoeyie e
i?aaiecaoeeyie; 4)Aaieaie e i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie; 5)Aaieaie e
ianaeaieai; 6)I?aaei?eyoeyie e ianaeaieai; 7)Oece/aneeie eeoeaie.
No?oeoo?o AeI iiaeii ii?aaeaeyoue ii ?aciui i?eciaeai. 1)Eeanneoeeaoeey
AeI a caaeneiinoe io oi?iu aeaiaa: aaciaee/iue e iaee/iue AeI. 2)
Eeanneoeeaoeey AeI a caaeneiinoe io yeiiiie/aneiai niaea?aeaiey
ioaeaeueiuo aai /anoae: a)aeaiaaeii-?an/aoiue iai?io (?an/aoiua
ioiioaiey ca oiaa?u e oneoae), a)aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiue iai?io (e?aaeeoiua
ioiioaiey), a) aeaiaaeii-oeiainiaue iai?io(oeiainiaua ioiioaiey).
3)Eeanneoeeaoeey AeI a caaeneiinoe io noauaeoia, iaaeaeo eioi?uie
aeaeaathony aeaiueae: a)iai?io iaaeaeo aaieaie (iaaeaaieianeee);
a)iai?io iaaeaeo aaieaie e th? e oec eeoeaie (aaieianeee); a)iai?io
iaaeaeo th? eeoeaie; a)iai?io iaaeaeo th? e oec eeoeaie; ae)iai?io
iaaeaeo oec eeoeaie.
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5.Oeiainiaay iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa e aa ?ieue a ?aaoee?iaaiee yeiiiieee.
Aaciaee/iia ia?auaiea -yoi aeaeaeaiea noieiinoe aac o/anoey iaee/iuo
aeaiaa: ia?a/eneaiea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ii n/aoai e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee, ca/ao acaeiiuo o?aaiaaiee. Inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth
/aeia, e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae, aaenaeae e ae?.
I?iecaiaeyony ?an/aou iaaeaeo: i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie,
i?aaiecaoeeyie ?aciuo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, eiathueie n/aoa a e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaieyo; th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie e e?aaeeoiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie ii
iieo/aieth e aica?aoo e?aaeeoia; th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie e ianaeaieai ii
auieaoa c.ieaou , aeioiaeia ii oeaiiui aoiaaai; oece/aneeie e th?.
Eeoeaie n eaciie ain-aa ii iieaoa iaeiaia , nai?ia.
?acee/atho aeaa a?oiiu aaciaee/iiai ia?auaiey: ii oiaa?iui iia?aoeeyi e
oeiainiaui iaycaoaeuenoaai. E ia?aie a?oiia ioiinyony aaciaee/iua
?an/aou ca oiaa?u e oneoae , ei aoi?ie- ieaoaaee a athaeaeao.(iaeia ia
i?eaueue, IAeN, e ae?. Ieaoaaee, iiaaoaiea aaieianeeo nnoae, oieaoa
i?ioeaioia ca e?aaeeo, ?an/aou ni no?aoiauie eiiiaieyie. Iaaeaeo
iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiui e aaciaee/iui ia?auaieai nouanoaoao naycue e
acaeiicaaeneiinoue; aeaiueae iinoiyiii ia?aoiaeyo ec iaeiie noa?u
ia?auaiey a ae?oaoth, iaee/iua aeaiueae iaiytho oi?io ia n/aoa a
e?aaeeoiii o/?aaeaeaiee e ia?aoii. Aaciaee/iue iai?io aicieeaao i?e
aianaiee iaee/iuo aeaiaa ia n/ao a e?aaeeoiii o/?aaeaeaiee,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, aaciaee/iia ia?auaiea iaiuneeii i?e ionoonoaee
iaee/iiai. Iaeiia?aiaiii iaee/iua aeaiueae iiyaeythony o eeeaioa i?e
niyoee eo ni n/aoa a e?aaeeoiii o/?aaeaeaiee. Oaeei ia?acii, iaee/iia e
aaciaee/iia ia?auaiea ia?acoao iauee aeaiaaeiue iai?io no?aiu, a eioi?ii
aeaenoaotho aaeeiua aeaiueae iaeiiai iaeiaiiaaiey.
A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ?aeii-ny neaaeothuea oi?iu aaciaee/iuo ?an/aoia:
1. Eaieoaeueiia oeiaine?iaaiea-niaeaoaiea, ii eioi?iio oe?ia iieo/aao
aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa aeey inouanoaeaiey eiaanoeoeee a iaiai ia
i?aaeinoaaeaiea i?aaa o/anoey a nianoaaiiinoe ia yoo oe?io.
2. Oeiaine?iaaiea iooai iieo/aiey caeiia.-ethaia niaeaoaiea, ii
eioi?iio oe?ia iieo/aao aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa aeey inouanoaeaiea
eiaanoeoeee a iaiai ia iaycaoaeuenoaa auieaoeoue yoe n?aaenoaa
aaoaeothuai n iaiai?aiiui i?ioeaioii, i?e/ai i?aaa ia aeieth
nianoaaiiinoe e?aaeeoi? ia iieo/aao. I?eia?- i?iaeaaea iaeeaaoeee.
Ainoaea?noaaiiua oeiainu (aeaoeaio?aeeciaaiiua, o.a. ana noauaeoa
oicyenoaa)iaeia ec noa? oeiainiaie nenoaiu. A noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeiainia a ea/anoaa caaiueaa auaeaeythony: 1. AINATHAeAEAO; 2.
AIAATHAeAEAOIUA OIIAeU; 3. AIN.E?AAeEO.
1. Ain. athaeaeao io?aaeaao aeaiaaeiua ioiioaiey, eioi?ua neeaaeuaathony
o ainoaea?noaa n th?. eeoeaie e ianaeaieai e caeeth/athony a
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiee iaoe. aeioiaea a nayce n ia?aciaaieai e
eniieueciaaieai n?aaenoa aeey oeiaine?iaaiey oicyenoaa, inouanoaeaiey
nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee, ?acaeoey iaoee, eoeueoo?u, ia?aciaaiey,
iaania/aiey iai?iiu no?aiu e oi?aaeaiey iauanoaii. ATHAeAEAOIUA
IOIIOAIEss- yoi oeiainiaua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeyie,
o/?aaeaeaieyie e ianaeaieai n ainoaea?noaii. Ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
nicaeaiiuo a iauanoaa oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?e iiiiue athaeaeaoa
i?ienoiaeeo ia iniiaa eniieueciaaiey AeIOIAeIA e ?ANOIAeIA. AeIOIAeU-
iaeiae e nai?u- 81 %,iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu-aeioiaeu oeaeaauo athaeaeaoiuo
oiiaeia 9%,aeioiaeu io oaaea?aeueiiai eiouanoaa, io i?eaaoecaoeee, io
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe-10%- iai?aaeaiiua ia oi?ie?iaaiea
athaeaeaoiiai oiiaea ain-aa.
?ANOIAeU- n o/aoii iauanoaaiiiai iacia/aiey ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoiua
n?aaenoaa iiaoo auaeaeyoueny: - ia ioaeaeu anaai oicyenoaa 25%(aaaeiua
i?ei?eoaoiua i?ia?aiiu);- ia nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iua ia?ii?eyoey 22%;-
ia iai?iio 18,4%; - ia oi?aaeaiea 23 %; - i?i/ea ?anoiaeu i?eia?ii 12%.
2.Aoi?ia caaii- AIAATHAeAEAOIUA OIIAeU (AO)-yoi iniaay oi?ia
eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, i?eaeaeaaiuo aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
?acee/iuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia, iiieii athaeaeaoa . AO. a
caaeneiinoe io oeaeaaiai iacia/aiey aeaeyony ia YEIIIIE*ANEEA e
NIOeEAEUeIUA, a n o/aoii o?iaiy oi?aaeaiey ia AINOAeA?NOAAIIUA e
?AAEIIAEUeIUA. A 1993 a. ian/eouaaeinue aieaa 20 AO. Iniiaiuie AO
yaeythony:
1922 - ?aoi?ia aeaiaa 1? e 10000, 1 /a?aiiaoe: 0,75a. cieioa. 23a. - 1 e
1000 auea eiiaa?oe?oaiay aaethoa aei 26a. 24 - 1 e 100, auaiceee, aei 28
a.- aaiceee. 29 - aaaee ea?oi/iua iaianoiyuea aeaiueae 46 - ia o?iaeae -
?aoi?iu iao 47-?aoi?ia ca 10 aeiae, aeaiiieiaoeey 1/10. O i?aaei?eyoee
aeaiueae inoae 1/1. Oeaiu inoaeenue ia o?iaia ea?oi/ae 50 - iiaia
niioiioaiea ?oaey e aeieea?o, 1?oaeue: 0.222 a cieio. 61-aeaaaeueaaoeey
1/10, ii ioiioaiea 1 ?oaey: 0,987 a. cieioa, o.a. iioea ne?uoay
eioeyoeey, o.e. noa?ua aeaiueae eo/oa iiauo. Aaethoiay eioa?aaioeey -
aaaaeaiea a ia?auaiea ia?aeeaeueiie oaa?aeie aaethou
11.No?oeoo?a e eeanneoeeaoeey aeioiaeia ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa.
Iaiauathuei enoi/ieeii aeioiaeia athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu yaeyaony
iaoeeiiaeueiue aeioiae iauanoaa. NINOAA AeIOIAeIA athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu
au?aaeaaony a ?acee/iuo ieaoaaeao, oiea/eaaaiuo th?. e oec. eeoeaie a
oio eee eiie athaeaeao. Aeioiaeu, iinooiathuea a athaeaeaou ?aciiai
o?iaiy, iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ii NIOeEAEUeII-YEIIIIE*ANEIIO
i?eciaeo, II?ssAeEO e ONEIAEssI CA*ENEAIEss, TH?EAeE*ANEEI OI?IAI. Ii
NIOeEAEUeII-YEIIIIE*ANEIIO i?eciaeo aeioiaeu athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu
aeaeyony ia aeioiaeu io oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee;
aeioiaeu io aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe; aeoeecu; aeioiaeu io
ieacaiey a?iea?neeo e eiuo iin?aaeie/aneeo oneoa i?aaiecaoeeyie;
iioeeiiua aeioiaeu, aeioiaeu io aaieianeie e no?aoiaie aeayoaeueiinoe;
aeioiaeu io i?eaaoecaoeee; ?ano?niua ieaoaaee; aeioiaeu io a?aaeaeai,
i?i/ea aeioiaeu. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeaeaiey aeioiaeia athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu
ii oeacaiiiio i?eciaeo aucuaaaony nouanoaaiiuie ?acee/eyie naieo
enoi/ieeia yoeo aeioiaeia ii eo iieo/aieth, nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie
cia/eiinoe. ?acaeoea oi?i eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe n aiaea/aieai a
iaa ana aieueoaai /enea noauaeoia, a oaeaea ?ac?aaioea e ?aaeecaoeey
i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee i?eaaee e aicieeiiaaieth iiauo enoi/ieeia
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu. Yoi - aeioiaeu io ieacaiey a?iea?neeo e
eiuo iin?aaeie/aneeo oneoa, aeioiaeu io aaieianeie e no?aoiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aeioiaeu io i?eaaoecaoeee. N ?anoe?aieai naoe ieaoiuo
oneoa e aiciiaeiinoae yenii?oa e eiii?oa oiaa?ia oaaee/eaaaony ?acia?
iioeeiiuo aeioiaeia (ain-iay e oaii-aeaiiay iioeeia). I?ei?eoaoiay
caaea/a ain-aa - io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu; -?ano?niua aeioiaeu
athaeae. nenoaiu yoi CAIAEUeIUE IAEIA, IEAOA CA AIAeO, EANIIE AeIOIAee
ae?. N?aaee athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia io a?aaeaeai iaeaieaa e?oiiue
IIAeIOIAeIUE IAEIA N OEC. EEOe, oae aea IAEIA N EIOUANOAA
(ianeaaeiaaiea, aea?aiea). N?aaee i?i/eo aeioiaeia a.n. nioe-yeii.
oa?aeoa?a neaaeoao ioianoe AeIOIAeU IO ENIIEUeCIAAIEss AIN. E IOIEOeEI.
NIANOAAIIINOUeTH, a oii /enea io aa i?iaeaaee, naea/e a a?aiaeo.
II II?ssAeEO E ONEIAEssI CA*ENEAIEss Ae. A.N. iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue
ia CAE?AIEAIIUA( oaa?aei oeene?iaaiiue ?acia? a % ca/eneyaony a
niioa.-ea athae-u), ?AAOEE?OTHUEA (aaeaaiaeii ?ani?aaeaeyaiua io/eneaiey
a ieaeanoiyuea athaeaeaou ia iniiaa ?aoaiey ain. aeanoe), AeIOAOeEE e
NOAAAIOeEE(aeaiaaeiua io/eneaiey n auoanoiyu. a. a ieaeanoiyu. a. a
ea/anoaa iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue), NIANOAAIIUA e CAAIIUA. Ii TH?EAeE*ANEEI
OI?IAI aeioiaeu a. n. aeaeyony ia IAEIAIAUA ( 81 % e iauae noiia
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa) e IAIAEIAIAUA (19 %). Iaeaieaa e?oiiuie iaeiaiauie
aeioiaeaie a.n. yaeythony: IAeN(37%),iaeia ia i?eaueue
i?aaei?eyoee(16%), aeoeecu(13%),niaoe. iaeia n i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeae. e
i?aaiecaoeee aeey oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee aaaeiaeoeo io?aneaeia?iaeiiai
o-aa ?O (9%).
Eiie?aoiue ninoaa aeioiaeia e eo iauaiu ii eaaeaeiio ioaeaeueiiio
athaeaeaoo onoaiaaeeaathony i?aaiauie aeoaie i niioaaonoaothuai
athaeaeaoa ia eaaeaeue aiae.
12. NOUIINOUe, YEAIAIOU E OEIU AeAIAAEIUO NENOAI.
AeAIAAEIAss NENOAIA-ono?ienoai aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey a no?aia,
neiaeeaoaany enoi?e/anee e cae?aieaiiia iaoeeiiaeueiui
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. A caaeneiinoe io aeaea aeaiaa (aeaiueae eae oiaa?,
auiieiythuaai ?ieue anaiauaai yeaeaaeaioa eee aeaiueae eae ciae
noieiinoe) ?acee/atho aeaiaaeiua nenoaiu 2 o oeiia: 1. NENOAIA
IAOAEEE*ANEIAI IA?AUAIEss, eioi?ay aace?oaony ia aeaenoaeoaeueiuo
aeaiueaao (na?aa?yiuo, cieiouo), auiieiythueo ana 5 ooieoeee (ae. eae
ia?a noieiinoe, eae n?aaenoaa ia?auaiey, eae n?aaenoaa iaeiieaiey e
naa?aaeaiey, eae n?aaenoaa ieaoaaea, o. ie?iauo aeaiaa)., a
ia?auathueany aaieiiou aani?aiyonoaaiii iaiaieaathony ia
aeaenoaeoaeueiua aeaiueae. 2. NENOAIA AOIAAEII-E?AAeEOIIAI IA?AUAIEss-
i?e eioi?ie aeaenoaeoaeueiua aeaiueae auoaniaiu ciaeaie noieiinoe, a a
ia?auaiee iaoiaeyony aoiaaeiua (eacia/aeneea aaenaey) eeai e?aaeeoiua
aeaiueae. I?e IA?AIE NENOAIA auaeaeythony 2 AEAeA aeaiaaeiuo nenoai:
AEIAOAEEECI (aeaiaaeiay nenoaia, i?e eioi?ie ?ieue anaiauaai yeaeaaeaioa
cae?aieaia ca 2 iaoaeeaie -na?aa?ii e cieioii) e IIIIIAOAEEECI
(aeaiaaeiay nenoaia, i?e eio. iaeei iaoaee na?aa?i eee cieioi neoaeeo
anaiauei yeaeaaeaioii) a caaeneiinoe io oiai, neieueei iaoaeea i?eiyoi a
ea/anoaa iauaai yeaeaaeaioa e aacu aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey. ?acee/atho 3
?ACIIAEAeIINOE cieioiai iiiiiaoaeecia: - CIEIOIIIIAOIUE(cieioia
ia?auaiea, naiaiaeiay /aeaiea iiiao), CIEIOINEEOEIAUE
(Aaeeeia?eoaiey,O?aioeey - aaieiiou iaiaieaaeenue ia cieioua neeoee);
CIEIOIAeAAECIUE (Aa?iaiey, Aano?ey, Aeaiey, Ii?aaaey- aaieiiou
iaiaieaaeenue ia aeaaecu -ieaoaaeiua n?aaenoaa a eiino?aiiie aaethoa)
?aciaiiua ia cieioi. A ?acoeueoaoa ie?iaiai yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena
(1929-33) auee eeeaeaee?iaaiu ana oi?iu cieioiai iiiiiaoaeeecia e
ooaa?aeeeanue nenoaia ia?auaiey aoiaaeii-e?aaeeoiuo aeaiaa, ia ?aciaiiuo
ia aeaenoaeoaeueiua aeaiueae. I?e AOI?IE NENOAIA AOI.E?AAe.AeAI.
ainiiaenoaothuaa iieiaeaiea aaieiio, auioneaaiuo yienneiiiui oeaio?ii
no?aiu. A 1944 a A?aooii-Aoaeneay aeaiaaeiay nenoaia i?aaenoaaeyea niaie
iaaeainoaea?noaaiiue cieioiaeaaeciue noaiaea?o. Aa aeaaiuie i?eaioe?aie
yaeythony: - cieioi auiieiyei ooieoeeth ie?iauo aeaiaa; - eniieueciaaiea
aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoeu NOA - aeieea? e aiaeeeneee ooio noa?eeiaia. Aeieea?
NOA iaiaieaaeny ia cieioi a Eacia/aenoaa NOA ii ioeoeeaeueiiio
niioiioaieth; - iaoeeiiaeueiua aeaiaaeiua aaeeieoeu naiaiaeii
iaiaieaaeenue /a?ac OeA ia aeieea?u e iaaeaeo niaie ii oaa?aei
onoaiiaeaiiui Iaaeaeoia?iaeiui aaethoiui oiiaeii niioiioaieyi. Ana
ia?aoeiua iaoe. aeaiaaeiua aaeeieoeu /a?ac aeieea? iiaee i?aa?aoeoueny a
cieioi. A nayce n ineaaeaieai iiceoeee NOA ia aiaoiai ?uiea a
?acoeueoaoa nie?auaiey cieiouo caiania no?aiu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay
aeaiaaeiay nenoaia a 1971-73 aa iioa?iaea aaie?ionoai e aeieea? ia?anoae
auoue aaeeinoaaiiie ie?iaie ?aca?aiie aaethoie; ?ieue ?aca?aiuo aaetho
noaee auiieiyoue- ia?ee O?A, yiiineay eaia, YETH. A ?INNEE ioeoeeaeueiie
aeaiaaeiie aae. (aaethoie) yaeyaony ?OAEUe. Aaaaeaiea ia oa??eoi?ee ?O
ae?oaeo aeaiaaeiuo aaetho cai?auaii. Niioiioaiea iaaeaeo ?oaeai e
cieioii e ae?. ae?aa. Iaoaeeia caeiiii ia onoaiiaeaii. Ioeoeeaeueiue
eo?n ?oaey e eiino?aiiui aeai. aae. ii?aaeaeyaony OeA? e ioaeeeoaony a
ia/aoe. AEAeU AeAIAA: eiathuea caeiiioth ieaoaaeioth neeo - AAIEIIOU,
IAOAEEE*ANEEA IIIAOU, eioi?ua iaania/eaathony anaie aeoeaaie Aaiea
?innee a oii /enea cieioui caianii, ain-uie oe/a, ?aca?aaie e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee, iaoiaeyueieny ia n/aoao a OeA?. IAEE*IUA AeAIUeAE
(aaieiiou e iiiaou) e AACIAEE*IUA AeAIUeAE (a aeaea n?aaenoa ia n/aoao a
e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo.
1. Ii naiae ?iee a i?ioeanna aini?iecaiaenoaa - ia cao?aou, naycaiiua n
oeiaine?iaaieai iao. i?iecaiaenoaa e niaea?aeaieai iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie
noa?u;
2. Ii ooieoeeiiaeueiiio iacia/aieth - ia ?ano. ia oeiaine?iaaiea i/o,
nioe.-eoeueoo?iuo ia?ii?eyoee, iai?iiu no?aiu, niaea?aeaiea aiia?aoa
oi?aaeaiey, ia i?aaiio?-th aeayo-noue e iaani. aaciianiinoe, ia ooiae-a
enneaae-y e niaeaenoaea IOI, ia ?ano. ii ianeoae. ain. aeieaa. Eaaeaeay
ec a?oii aeaeeony ii aaaeiinoaaiiiio i?eciaeo.
Ana ?anoiaeu ninoiyo ec oaeoueo ?anoiaeia e cao?ao eaieoaeueiiai
oa?aeoa?a. Iniiaiay /anoue yoi oaeouea ?anoiaeu - caeoiea oiaa?ia e
oneoa, iieaoa o?oaea ain. neoaeaueo, ia/eneaiey ia c/i, ieaoaaee ii
aioo?. caeiai e ain. aiao. aeieao e ae?. Eai. ?anoiaeu - yoi eai.
aeiaeaiey a ini. oiiaeu, eai. no?ieoaeuenoai, eai. ?aiiio.
A oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo no?-?a ?anoiaeia oaae. athaeaeaoa
i?aoa?iaaaao nou. eciaiaiey - ?acei nie?auathony athaeae. anneaiiaaiey
ia i/o, i?aaeaea anaai ia oeaio?aeec-a eai. aeiaeaiey. N ?acaeoeai
i?eaaoecaoeee i?ieno. I?aia?-a cia/. /anoe ain. i?aaei?eyoee a AI, eio.
aeieaeiu inou. ?anoe?aiiia aini?-ai ca n/ao nianoa. n?aaenoa e ?ano?nia.
?anoiaeu oaae. athaeaeaoa aee. ini. a?oiiu cao?ao: ain. iiaeaea?aeeo
ioaeaeueiuo io?aneae i/o (yoi oaieueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue, n/o,
aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai, oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneee e
aa?a?ii-i?iiuoeaiiua eiiieaenu e o.ae.), oeiaine?iaaiea
nioe.-eoeueoo?iuo ia?ii?eyoee (ia?aciaaiea, cae?aaiio?aiaiea,
oeceoeueoo?a, nioe.iaania/aiea, nioe. iiiiuue, eoeueoo?a e eneonnoai,
NIE); iai?iiu no?aiu, i?aaiio?. Aeayo-noe, iaaeaeoia?. nio?-aa,
iiaaoaiea ain. aeieaa e oeiainiaoth iiaeaea?aeeo ?aaeiiia.
A iae. ?anoiaeia eiatho ianoi nouanoa. iaaeinoaoee: athaeae. n?aaenoaa
eni. ia yooaeoeaii, ?ani?ino?aiaia i?aeoeea iaoeaeaaiai ?anoiaeiaaiey
athaeae. n?aaenoa. Athaeae. ?ano. ia ?aoatho iiiaeo ianouiuo i?iaeai
nioe. iieeoeee. Ia i?aaieciaaii ia aeieaeiii o?iaia ia?a?ani?aae-a
?anoiaeia a iieueco iacaueuaiiuo neiaa ianaeaiey. I?iaeieaeaaony
nienaiea aeieaia a aa?a?iii naeoi?a.
Iniiaiua caaea/e a iaeanoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia: 1.Nie?aoeoue
/enei oaaea?aeueiuo oeaeaauo i?ia?aii, neiioeaio?e?iaaoue n?aaenoaa ia
yooaeoeaiuo e nioeeaeueii-cia/eiuo i?iaeoao; 2. Nieceoue ?ano. ia
niaea?ae. ain. aiia?aoa; 3.I?iaeieaeeoue aeaoeaio?aeecaoeeth
eiaanoeoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna; 4.Iiauneoue yoo-noue eniieuec. anneaiiaaiee
ia iaoe. iai?iio e iai?iiiue eiiieaen, eiioeaio?e?oy eo ia ?aoaiea
nioeeaeueiuo i?iaeai, eiiaa?nee e ia?niaeoeaiuo
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?aaio; 5.Nieceoue o?iaaiue aeioaoeee
ioaeaeueiui io?aneyi; 6.Oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca eniieueciaaieai athaeae.
n?aaenoa; 7.Iaania/eoue i?ei?eoaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea ?anoiaeia ia iaoeo,
eoeueoo?o, iaaeeoeeineia ianeaaeiaaiea, ia?aciaaiea.
14. Aoiaaeiua e e?aaeeoiua aeaiueae, caeiiiia?iinoe eo ia?auaiey
Aaenaeue - ienuei. Aacone. iayc-ai aeieaeieea oieaoeoue ii?aae. noiio a
ca?aiaa iaia. n?ie a onoaiiaeaiiii ianoa. ?acee/atho i?inoie aaenaeue,
auaeaiiue aeieaeieeii e ia?aaiaeiie (o?aooo), auienaiiue e?aaeeoi?ii e
iai?aaeaiiue aeieaeieeo aeey iiaeiene n aica?aoii e?aaeeoi?o. A ?innee a
?aciuo noa?ao aeaenoaotho eiiia?/aneee, aaieianeee, eacia/aeneee aaenaey
e ae?. aai aeaeu. Eiii. A auaeaaony iiae caeia oiaa?a. Aaie-e A
auaeaaony aaieii-yieoaioii i?e iaee/ee ii?aae. noiiu eeeaioa ia
aeaiiceoa. A ioee/ea io eiii.A aaie-e A a eiaao aeaiiceoioth oi?io. Yoi
ii nouanoao i?inoie A, oae eae auienuaaaony eeeaioii aaiea naiaio
iinoaaueeo a iieaoo ca oiaa?u, ii i.a. eiaeinne?iaai o?aoueaio eeoeo.
Aaie-e A aeaao i?aaei?-th iiaia ieao. n?aaenoai, aa?aioe?iaaiiia aaieii,
e?iia iieo/aiey aeioiaea ii aeaiiceoo, i?aaei?eyoea iieo/aao
aiciiaeiinoue ?an/aoa ni naieie ia?oia?aie.
Aaieiioa - EAe, auioneaaiua OeA (yienneiiiui) no?aiu. A iinooiaao a
ia?au. iooai aaieianeiai e?aaeeoiaaiey ainoaea?noaa, oicyenoaa /a?ac EA,
iaiaia eiino?aiiie aaethou ia aaieiiou aeaiiie no?aiu. OeA no?ai aui-tho
A no?iai ii?aae-ai aeinoieinoaa. Ii nou. iie yae. iaoe. aeaiueaaie ia
anae oa??. ain-aa. Iao. iaani-a a aeaea oiaa?ia eee cieioa ionoonoaoao.
Ecaio-ny ec iniaie aoiaae e i?eiaiythony ia?u, cao?oaei-a eo iiaeaeaeeo.
A ?O yieoaioii aaieiio yaeyaony OeA? (Aaie ?innee), inouanoaeythuee
naith aeayoaeueiinoue a niioaaonoaee n Oaae. c-iii i OeA ?O io
26.04.95a. Ia?auathony aaieiiou aeinoieinoaii 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000
?oaeae, ia iiauo 500 e 1000 ?oaeae oeacaii ?Aeeao Aaiea ?innee?.
*ae - aeai. aeieoi. onoai. oi?iu, niaea?aeauee aacone. i?eeac
aeaaeaeueoea n/aoa a e?aae-i o/?. i auieaoa aea?aeaoaeth /aea oeacaiiie
noiiu. A /aeiaii ia?auaiee o/anoaotho: /aeiaeaoaeue (aeaaeaeaoe n/aoa),
/aeiiieo/aoaeue (e?aaeeoi? /aeiaeaoaey) e ieaoaeueuee ii /aeo
(e?aaeeoiia o/?aaeaeaiea). ?acee/atho 3 aeaea /aeia: - eiaiiie - ia
ii?aaeaeaiiia eeoei aac i?aaa ia?aaea/e; - i?aaeuyaeoaeueneee - aac
oeacaiey iieo/aoaey; - i?aea?iue - ia ii?aaeaeaiiia eeoei, ii n i?aaii
ia?aaea/e iin?aaenoaii eiaeinnaiaioa ia iai?ioa aeieoiaioa.
Ai aioo?. iai?ioa * eni-ny aeey iieo/. iae. aeaiaa, a e?aae-i o/?., eae
n?-ai ieaoaaea e ia?auaiey, a o.ae. a ea/. eino?oi. aaciae. ?an/aoia. A
iaaeaeoia?. ?an/. o.ae. eni-ny aaieianeea /aee aeey inou. eiiia?/.
ieaoaaeae, a ini. i?e ieaoaaeao iaoi?aiaiai oa?aeoa?a. N 1.03.92a.
iinoaiiaeaieai AN ?innee i?eiyoi ?Iieiaeaiea i /aeao?, eioi?ia
ii?aaeaeeei ii?yaeie /aeiaiai ia?auaiey a no?aia. A ?innee nicaeai
?*aeiaue neiaeeeao?, iauaaeeiythuee EA. Eeeaio caeeth/aao niaeao. n EA,
aoiaeyuei a neiaeeeao, aiineo aeeaae, ia noiio eioi?iai ioe?uaaaony
n/ao, e iieo/aao /aeiaoth eieaeeo. A i?aaeaeao aeaiiceoa auienuaathony
/aee.
Auno?ia ?ano. /aeiaiai ia?au. iio?aaiaaei eciai. oi?i ieaoaaeae. IOI e
?acaeoea YAI iaania/eee nicaeaiea aaoiiaoece?-o yeaeo?iiiuo onoaiiaie
aeey ia?aaioee /aeia e aaaeaiey oaeoueo n/aoia. Ye-iiua ono?ienoaa e
nenoaia nayce aeey inou. e?aaeeoiuo e ieaoaaeiuo iia?aoeee iin?aaenoaii
ia?aaea/e yeaeo?iiiuo neaiaeia aac o/anoey aoiaaeiuo iineoaeae
niinianoaiaaee aicieeiiaaieth yeaeo?iiiuo aeaiaa. Aiaae?aiea YAI a
e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo nicaeaei oneiaey aeey caiaiu /aeia e?aaeeoiuie
ea?oi/eaie, Auioneathony iie e?aaeeoiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie a oi?ia
ieanoeeiaie ea?oi/ee n iaianaiiie ia iae ano?iaiiie iee?inoaiie. Ca
?oaaaeii iie i?eiaiythony a ?icie/iie oi?aiaea e noa?a oneoa. A ?innee
iie oaeaea iiyaeythony. E?aaeiaaie, Eieiiaaie e ae?oaea ia/aee
auioneaoue ea?oi/ee aeey naieo eeeaioia, ii aeey yoiai o?aaothony
cia/eoaeueiua aeeaaeu a eiino?aiiie aaethoa.
15. Iiiyoea nnoaeiiai eaieoaea e enoi/ieee aai oi?ie?iaaiey. ?uiie NE.
NE - niaieoiiinoue aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia aica?aoiie iniiaa,
ia?aaeaaaaiuo ai a?aiaiiia iieueciaaiea ca ieaoo a aeaea i?ioeaioa.
Ia ?uiea eaieoaeia NE caieiaao iniaia ianoi, oaeiaeaoai?yy iio?aaiinoe a
eeoea ainoaea?noaa, THE e OE a naiaiaeiuo oeiainiauo ?ano?nao.
I?ii. i e oi?a. eaieoae ia noaaeee ia?aaea/e io i?iaeaaoea (e?aaeeoi?a)
e iieoiaoaeth (caaiueeo), a ioee/ea io NE, iau/ii iaoiaeeony eeoue a
aeaiaaeiie oi?ia.
A ioee/ea io ?inoiaue/aneiai eaieoaea, ini. enoi/ieeii eioi?iai
aunooiaee nianoaaiiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa e?aaeeoi?a, NE oi?ie?oaony ca
n/ao oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, i?eaeaeaaiuo e?aaeeoiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie o
ainoaea?noaa, THE e OE.
Ia 1 yoaia ?acaeoey e?-o ioiioaiee aaeeinoaaiiui enoi/ieeii oi?ie?iaaiey
NE aunooiaee a?aiaiii naiaiaeiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa ainoaea?noaa, THE
e OE, ia aeia?iaieueiie iniiaa ia?aaeaaaaiua oeiainiaui iin?aaeieeai.
Yoe n?aaenoaa oeene?iaaeenue ia aeaiiceoiuo n/aoao e iaania/eaaee naiei
aeaaeaeueoeai oeene?iaaiiue aeioiae a oi?ia i?ioeaioa ii yoei aeeaaeai.
Ii ia?a ?acaeoey eai. niiniaa i?-aa e aaciaee/iie oi?iu aeaiaaeiuo
?an/aoia n i?yiui o/anoeai aaieia iiaui enoi/ieeii oi?ie?iaaiey
nnoaeiiai eaieoaea noaee n?aaenoaa, a?aiaiii aunaiaiaeaeathueany a
i?ioeanna i?iiuoeaiiiai e oi?aiaiai eaieoaeia. Iniiaiua i?e/eiu
aunaiaiaeaeaiey:
· ianiaiaaeaiea a?aiaie ?aaeecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ni
n?ieaie oaeoe/aneiai inouanoaeaiey cao?ao ia i?eia?aoaiea nu?uey,
iaoa?eaeia, auieaoo c/ieaou iaaiiiio ia?niiaeo e o.ae.;
· iinoaiaiiia niaoeaaiea iniiaiuo oiiaeia e ionthaea iaiaoiaeeiinoue
oi?ie?iaaiey aii?oecaoeeiiiiai oiiaea, eae ?aca?aa aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa,
a iineaaeothuai eniieuecoaiuo aeey oeiaine?iaaiey ainnoaiiaeaiey
oece/aneiai e ii?aeueiiai eciina;
· ia?aciaaiea ia?ani?aaeaeaiiiai inoaoea i?eauee n iiiaioa aa
oi?ie?iaaiey aei oaeoe/aneiai eniieueciaaiey e o.ae.
I?e yoii aeey aaiea ionoonoaoao iaiaoiaeeiinoue:
· iieo/aiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai niaeaney aeaaeaeueoea ?/n/aoa ia
eniieueciaaiea iaoiaeyueony ia iai n?aaenoa;
· auieaou aeioiaea ii ?/n/aoai ii aiaeiao n aeaiiceoiuie, oi anoue
oaeoe/aneay aanieaoiinoue yoeo ?ano?nia.
Aeey aieueoeinoaa nia?aiaiiuo aaieia ?anniao?eaaaiue enoi/iee aunooiaao
a ea/anoaa iniiaiiai iiaeeecaoeeiiiiai ?ano?na e iiaoaeaeaao eo e
iinoiyiiiio oaaee/aieth iauaai ninoaaa ianeoaeeaaaiuo eeeaioia.
No?oeoo?a ?uiea nnoaeiuo eaieoaeia:
?uiie NE - yoi oeiainiaue ?uiie, iniaay noa?a oeiainiauo ioiioaiee,
iaania/eaathuay e?oaiiai?io NE.
Iniiaiua o/anoieee yoiai ?uiea:
ia?ae/iua eiaanoi?u, oi anoue aeaaeaeueoeu naiaiaeiuo oeiainiauo
?ano?nia;
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua iin?aaeieee a eeoea e?aaeeoii-oeiainiauo
i?aaiecaoeee;
caaiueee a eeoea th?eaee/aneeo, oece/aneeo eeoe e ainoaea?noaa;
Eaaeaeue ec naaiaioia ?uiea eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe a i?aaiecaoeee e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiee, /oi i?eaaei e nicaeaieth eiiia?/aneeo aaieia,
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiuo einoeoooia (eiaanoeoeeiiiuo,
eiioa/iuo e o.ae.).
16. Yienney aeaiaa e i?aaiecaoeey yienneiiiuo iia?aoeee
Yienney aeaiaa yaeyaony iiiiiieueiui i?aaii OeA e iaoiaeeony oieueei a
aai eiiiaoaioeee. Eiiia?/aneea aaiee ia eiatho i?aaa naiinoiyoaeueii
auioneaoue a ia?auaiea aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa. Iiyoiio eo e?aaeeoiua e
eanniaua iia?aoeee i?iecaiaeyony a i?aaeaeao aeaiaaeiie iannu,
auiouaiiie a ia?auaiea OeA.
I?e e?aaeeoiaaiee eiiia?/aneeo aaieia i?ienoiaeeo ca/eneaiea aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa OeA ia eo n/aoa a ?an/aoii-eanniauo oeaio?ao (?EOe). Iia?aoeee
aaieia, naycaiiua n auaea/ae iaee/iuo aeaiaa i?aaei?eyoeyi e
i?aaiecaoeeyi, inouanoaeythony ia iniiaa eanniauo cayaie eeeaioia. Yoe
cayaee i?aaeinoaaeythony a ianeoaeeaathuea aaiee e niaea?aeao ana
iaiaoiaeeiua aeaiiua i i?aaenoiyueo iia?aoeeyo n iaee/iuie aeaiueaaie.
Ia iniiaa eanniauo cayaie i?aaei?eyoee ninoaaeythony i?iaiicu eanniauo
iai?ioia eiiia?/aneeo aaieia. I?eoiaeioth /anoue yoeo i?ia?aii
?ann/eouaatho enoiaey ec iinooieaiee iaee/iuo aeaiaa a eannu aaieia.
Iinooieaiea aeaiaa i?aaiecoaony n iiiiuueth eieannaoeee (aeinoaaee a
aaie) aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe oi?aiai-caeoii/iuo no?oeoo?, i?aaei?eyoee
iauaieoa, o?ainii?oiuo nenoai e ae?oaeo i?aaiia, ieacuaathueo ieaoiua
oneoae ianaeaieth. ?ano. /anoue i?iaiice?oaony ia iniiaaiee i?aaenoiyueo
auieao c/ieaou e i?i/eo ?anoiaeia i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e
i?aaiecaoeee.
Aaee/eia aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, iinooiathueo a ia?auaiea, caaeneo io
niioiioaiey i?eoiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie /anoae eanniauo i?ia?aii aaiea. I?e
?inoa i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe iaaethaeaaony iinoiyiiia
i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeiie /anoe i?ia?aiiu iaae i?eoiaeiie e auione a
ia?auaiea iiauo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa.
Yienneiiiay nenoaia - caeiiiaeaoaeueii onoaiiaeaiiue ii?yaeie auionea e
ia?auaiey aeaiaaeiuo ciaeia. Yienneiiiua iia?aoeee a ainoaea?noaao
inouanoaeytho:
Eeceiaiaue- ioiioaiey iaaeaeo th?eae. eeoeaie ii iiaiaeo ia?aaea/e a
a?aiaeo n?-a o?oaea, oeiaine?. e i?eia?. aeaeae. e iaaeaeae. ei-aa.
Iauaeo - ethaia ei-ai, noauaeou - e.-aeaoaeue, e.-iieo/aoaeue,
i?iecaiaeeoaeue, oeiainiaue e iia?aoeaiue, n?i/i.(iae- ii?aciaue) e
aiciai., /enoue (?ano. ii ianeoae. ia a?aiaeaoi?a) e iieiue, aioo?.,
iaaeaeoia?. e niaoaiiue,
Eiioa/iue - nnoaeu iiae caeia iaaeaeaeeiiai ei-aa (iao-ny a nianoa. o
caaiueea), aaenaeue, oe.a. E?aaeeoi?u - iau/iua eee niaoeeae. aaiee,
caaiueee - oec. eeoea n eiioaeie
A nia?. aaieianeeo nenoaiao OeA caieiaao iniaia ianoi. Ii yaeyaony
i?aaiii ain. ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee, iaaeaeai i?aaii iiiiiieueiiai
auionea aaieiio, ?aaoee?iaaiey aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey, e?aaeeoiuo
ioiioaiee no?aiu. A OeA o?aiyony cieioi-aaethoiua ?aca?au no?aiu. OeA
inouanoaeyao ?oeiaiaenoai e eiio?ieue iaae anae e?aaeeoiie nenoaiie,
yaeyaony aaieii aaieia, o?aieo a?aiaiii naiaiaeiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa
i?aaeoaeuenoaa, athaeaeaoa, ae?oaeo i?aaeo. i?aaiia, iaycaoaeueiua
?aca?au eiiia?/aneeo aaieia. A oeaeii oeaio?aeueiua aaiee, eae i?aaeei,
yaeythony ainoaea?noaaiiuie. Eiiaaea iie oi?iaeueii ain-ao ia
i?eiaaeeaaeao (O?N -aeoeeiia?iue, Oaaeoea?neee iaoe. aaie), eeai ain-ao
i?eiaaeeaaeeo eeoue /anoue eaieoaea (a ssiiiee), a ethaii neo/aa ana
oeaio?aeueiua aaiee i?iaiaeyo iieeoeeo ain-aa e ?aaioatho eae ain.
i?aaiu.
Aaaeiay oa?aeoa?enoeea aeayoaeueiinoe OeA - noaiaiue eo
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe, iacaaeneiinoe. Nouanoaaiiay noaiaiue iacaaeneiinoe
OeA io i?aaeoaeuenoaa yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai yooaeoeaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aaiea ii iiaeaea?aeaieth aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie e aaethoiie
noaaeeueiinoe. A oi aea a?aiy iacaaeneiinoue OeA io i?aaeoaeuenoaa eiaao
ioiineoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, o.e. yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea ain-aa ia iiaeao
oniaoii inouanoaeyoueny aac aa /aoeiai niaeaniaaiey e oaniie oaycee n
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie e oeiainiaie iieeoeeie OeA. Iiyoiio a aeieain?i/iii
ieaia iieeoeea OeA i?yii ii?aaeaeyaony i?ei?eoaoaie iae?iyeiiiie/aneiai
eo?na i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Ii caeiio ?O OeA? i?aaeoaeuenoao ia iiae/eiai. OeA? e?aaeeooao aaiee e
e?aaeeoiua o/?aaeaeaiey e i?aaiecoao nenoaio ?aoeiaine?iaaiey. Aaie
?innee - ?an/aoiue oeaio? no?aiu, ii?aaeaeythuee nenoaio, ii?yaeie e
oi?iu ?an/aoia a no?aia, a oii /enea e iaaeaeo aaieaie.
Aeayoaeueiinoue OeA? - iaania/aiea onoie/eainoe ?inneeneie aaethou,
iieoiaoaeueneie niiniaiinoe ?oaey e ieieiecaoeee eioeyoeee, a oaeaea
yooaeoeaiinoe anae aaieianeie nenoaiu ?an/aoia a eioa?anao yeiiiieee a
oeaeii.
Aaie ?innee - i?aai aaethoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, ii?aaeaeythuee ii?yaeie
?an/aoia n eiino?aiiuie ainoaea?noaaie e ii?yaeie iia?aoeee ii iieoiea e
i?iaeaaea eiino?aiiie aaethou. A yoie nayce ii i?aaiecoao e inouanoaeyao
aaethoiue eiio?ieue, eae iaiin?aaenoaaiii, oae e /a?ac oiieiiii/aiiua
eiiia?/aneea aaiee.
OeA ?O onoaiaaeeaaao i?aaeea aoo. o/aoa e io/aoiinoe, ii?yaeie
i?iaaaeaiey aaieianeeo iia?aoeee aeey anao aaieia e e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee. Ii eeoeaice?oao aeayoaeueiinoue aaieia, e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee e aoaeeoi?neeo i?aaiecaoeee, caieiathueony aoaeeoii aaieia,
inouanoaeyao iaaeci? ca aeayoaeueiinoueth e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.
?aaeno?e?oao yienneth oeaiiuo aoiaa aaieia e e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee,
aaaeao ?aano? oeaiiuo aoiaa; i?iaiaeeo aiaeec e i?iaiice?iaaiea
ninoiyiey yeiiiieee a oeaeii e ii ?aaeiiai, ioaeeeiaaoue iaoa?eaeu e
noaoenoeeo aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiuo, oeiainiauo, oeaiiauo ioiioaiee.
Iniiaiua ooieoeee OeA ?innee :
A niioaaonoaee n caeiiii ?I OeA?, Aaie ?innee auiieiyao neaaeothuea
ooieoeee:
· aeeoioeyoeey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia?. oic-aa;
· ?aciauaiea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa;
· i?aaiecaoeey aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey e yienneiiiay aeayoaeueiinoue;
· aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea;
· i?aaiecaoeey e inouanoaeaiea aeaiaaeiuo ?an/aoia iaee/iuie aeaiueaaie
e iooai aaciaee/iuo ia?a/eneaiee;
· ?an/aoii-eanniaia eniieiaiea ain. athaeaeaoa;
· aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea ooieoeee;
· ?aaoee?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe e./aaieia e ae?. e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee;
· iaaeci? ca aeayoaeueiinoueth aaieia.
20. Aaethoiue eo?n.
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay oi?aiaey oiaa?aie e oneoaaie, aeaeaeaiea eaieoaeia
ia?ac?uaii naycaii n iaiaiii aaetho. Iau/ii yenii?oa? iaiaieaaao
eiino?aiioth a., iieo/aaioth i?e i?iaeaaea oiaa?a, ia Iaiaoeeiiaeueioth,
i?aaeinoaaeythuoth ieaoaaeiia n?aaenoai ia oa??eoi?ee aeaiiiai
ainoaea?noaa. Eiii?oa? iaiaieaaao iaoe. a. ia eiino?aiioth aeey iieaou
oiaa?ia, eoieaiiuo ca ?oaaaeii. Aeey iaania/aiey yeaeaaeaioiinoe iaiaia
iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue aaethoiue eo?n a aeaea niioiioaiey iaaeaeo
iaoeeiiaeueiie e eiino?aiiie aaethoaie. Aae. e. - yoi oeaia aeaiaaeiie
aaeeieoeu iaeiie no?aiu, au?aaeaiiay a aeaiaaeiuo aae-oeao ae?oaie. A.e.
iiaoo eiaoue ?aciua ?aaeeiu: ieaaathuea e oeene?iaaiiua. Oeene?iaaiiua
a.e. i?aaeiieaaatho inouanoaeaiea iaiaia iaeiie aaethou ia ae?oaoth ia
iniiaa cieioiai ia?eoaoa. Cieioie ia?eoao ii?aaeaeyaony ?aaainoaii
cieioiai niaea?aeaiey aaetho. O.a.e. eieaaeaony aie?oa cieioiai ia?eoaoa
a caaeneiinoe io ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey. Iaeiaei yoe ia?aie/aiey ia
i?aauoatho 1% ia?eoaoa. Eia/a ainoaea?noai aoaeao auioaeaeaii iiauneoue
eee iiieceoue cieioia niaea?aeaiea naiae aaethou. Ieaaathuee a.e.
i?aaeiieaaaao iaiai iaeiie a. ia ae?oaoth a caaeneiinoe io ni?ina e
i?aaeeiaeaiey. Aeaeu i.a.e.: naiaiaeii ieaaaoue a.e.(eneeth/eoaeueii
iiae aicaeaenoaeai ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey ia aaethoiii ?uiea - aeieea?)
- iiaoo ieaaaoue niaianoii(no?aiu eniieuecothuea yoio aeae a.e. a
?an/aoao ae?oa n ae?oaii oeene?otho eieaaaiey eo?nia, a n ae?oaeie
no?aiaie eniieuecotho ?aaeei naiaiaeiiai ieaaaiey- no?aiu "Iauaai
?uiea", e?iia Aaeeeia?.) -iiaoo ieaaaoue naycaiii n ae?oaeie
aaethoaie.(no?aiu eniieuecothuea aeaiiue aeae onoaiaaeeaatho aeanoeoth
oeenaoeeth naiaai aaethoiiai eo?na ii ioiioaieth e aaethoa iaeiie ec
aaaeoueo no?ai e aeieea?o NOA). O.A. Aae. e. ii?aaeaeyaony:
Iiieii iiieiaeueiiai eo?na nouanoaoao e ?aaeueiue aaethoiue eo?n,
eioi?ue ii?aaeaeyaony ioiineoaeueii oeai oiaa?ia ec ?aciuo no?ai a
iaeiie aaethoa. Eioe?iaeo aaetho inouanoaeytho ainoaea?noaaiiua eee
e?oiiua eiiia?/aneea aaiee. Oi?aiaey eiino?aiiuie a. aaaeaony ia
aaethoiuo 6e?aeao (Eiiaeiineay ae?aea).
6 yia.1992 iniiaaia IIAA(ia ainoaea?noaaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, oioy OeA?
yaeyaony o/?aaeeoaeai e i?iaiaeeo aeoeaio th iieeoeeo ia aae th oiii
?uiea, aeeyy ia eo?n ?oaey.(iaoiae iiaeaea?aeaiey).
21.Oeiainu i?aaei?eyoee. Eo ianoi a oeiainiaie nenoaia e ain. oei.
Iieeoeea.
Oeiainu eii. i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaei?eyoee - yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey,
aicieeathuea a i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia,
i?iecaiaenoaa ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, ia?aciaaiey nianoaaiiuo
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, i?eaea/aiea aiaoieo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey, eo
?ani?aaeaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey.
Oeiainu i?aaei?eyoee iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ii neaaeothuei iai?aaeaieyi:
-naycaiiua n oi?ie?iaaieai onoaaiiai eaieoaea
-naycaiiua n i?iecaiaenoaii e ?aaeecaoeeae i?iaeoeoeee
-naycaiiua n yienneae e ?aciauaieai oe. aoiaa, acaeiiui e?aaeeoiaaieai,
aeieaaui o/anoeai a nicaeaiee niaianoiuo i-ee
-iaaeaeo oicyenoaothuei noauaeoii e aai iiae?acaeaeaieyie, auoanoiyuae
i?aaiecaoeeae
-iaaeaeo eii. i?aaiecaoeeyie e i?aaei?eyoeyie e io aeaeueiuie
?aaioieeaie - i?e ?ani?aaeaeaiee e eniieueciaaiee aeioiaeia, auionea e
?aciauaiee aeoeee, iaeeaaoeee, auieaou aeeaeaeaiaeia ii aeoeeyi e
i?ioeaioia ii iaeeaaoeey
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue e?aaeeo eeanneoeoee?oaony ii i?eciaeai: 1)ii oa?aeoa?o
e?aaeeoia - iaaeainoaea?noaaiiue e /anoiue; 2)ii oi?ia - ain.,
aaieianeee, eiiia?/aneee; 3)ii ianoo a nenoaia aiaoiae oi?aiaee -
e?aaeeoiaaiea yenii?oa, e?aaeeoiaaiea eiii?oa.
Iia?aoeee a ei. aaethoa e n oe. aoiaaaie a ei. aaethoa
iiae?acaeaeythony:
-oaeouea aaethoiua iia?aoeee
-aaethoiua iia?aoeee, naycaiiua n aeaeaeaieai eaieoaea.
Oaeouea aae. iia?aoeee:
-ia?aaiaeu a ?O e ec ?O ei. aaethou aeey inou. ?an/aoia aac ion?i/ee
ieaoaaea ii yenii?oo e eiii?oo oiaa?ia, ?aaio, oneoa, a oaeaea
inouanoaeaiea ?an/aoia, naycaiiuo n e?aaeeoiaaieai yenii?oii-eiii?oiuo
iia?aoeee ia n?ie ia aieaa 180 aeiae
-iieo/aiea e i?aaeinoaaeaiea oeiainiauo e?aaeeoia ia n?ie ia aieaa 180
aeiae
-ia?aaiaeu a ?O e ec ?O i?ioeaioia, aeeaeaeaiaeia, ae?oaeo aeioiaeia ii
aeeaaeai, eiaanoeoeeyi, e?aaeeoai e i?i/ei iia?aoeeyi, naycaiiui n
aeaeaeaieai eaieoaea
Iniiaiua o/anoieee ?uiea, eioi?ua inouanoaeytho aeaeaeaiea ia ?uiea:
-ia?ae/iua eiaanoi?u - aeaaeaeueoeu naiaiaeiuo oeiainiauo ?ano?nia,
iiaeeecoaiua aaieaie e i?aa?auaaiua a nnoaeiue eaieoae
-niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua iin?aaeieee - aaiee - i?eaeaeatho (aeeoioee?otho)
aeai. n?aaenoaa, i?aa?auatho eo a nnoaeiue eaieoae e ca i?ioeaiou
ia?aaeatho aai caaiueeai
-caaiueee - th?. , oec. eeoea e ain-ai, eniuouaathuea iaaeinoaoie a oei.
?ano?nao.
Iinoiyiii ?anoouee ni?in ia oneoae aaieia ii?aaeaeee ?acaeoea aaieianeie
nenoaiu ca n/ao ia?aeeaa a iaa eaieoaeia e ae?oaeo noa? aeayo-noe. Aaiee
eniieueciaaeenue a ea/anoaa ?aaoeyoi?ia ?uii/iie yeiiiieee.
Eeceiaiaue- ioiioaiey iaaeaeo th?eae. eeoeaie ii iiaiaeo ia?aaea/e a
a?aiaeo n?-a o?oaea, oeiaine?. e i?eia?. aeaeae. e iaaeaeae. ei-aa.
Iauaeo - ethaia ei-ai, noauaeou - e.-aeaoaeue, e.-iieo/aoaeue,
i?iecaiaeeoaeue, oeiainiaue e iia?aoeaiue, n?i/i.(iae- ii?aciaue) e
aiciai., /enoue (?ano. ii ianeoae. ia a?aiaeaoi?a) e iieiue, aioo?.,
iaaeaeoia?. e niaoaiiue,
Eiioa/iue - nnoaeu iiae caeia iaaeaeaeeiiai ei-aa (iao-ny a nianoa. o
caaiueea), aaenaeue, oe.a. E?aaeeoi?u - iau/iua eee niaoeeae. aaiee,
caaiueee - oec. eeoea n eiioaeie
?OeA yaeyaony ninoaaiie /anoueth oeiainiaiai ?uiea, eioi?ue aeaeeony ia
aeaiaaeiue ?uiie(ana eino?oiaiou oei., naycaiiua n e?aoein?i/iui
ia?auaieai) e ?uiie eaieoaeia(n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou e oeaiiua
aoiaae - aeoeee, iaeeaaoeee e o.ae.)
Ia ?uiea oeaiiuo aoiaa eee oiiaeiaii ?uiea i?iaeathony e iieoiathony ca
aeaiueae oeaiiua aoiaae a aeaea aeoeee iaeeaaoeee, aaenaeae, eioa?aeiuo
aeeaoia e o.ae. ?acee/atho ia?ae/iue ?uiie i?iaeaaee iiauo auiouaiiuo
aoiaa iinea eo yiennee e aoi?e/iue ?uiie i?iaeaaee oaea ia?auathueony
aoiaa.
Oiiaeiaue ?uiie enoi?e/anee ia/eiaao ?acaeaaoueny ia iniiaa nnoaeiiai
eaieoaea, o.e. iieoiea oeaiiuo aoiaa icia/aao ia /oi eiia, eae ia?aaea/o
/anoe aeaiaaeiiai eaieoaea a nnoaeo.
Eeth/aaie caaea/ae, eioi?oth aeieaeai auiieiyoue ?uiie oeaiiuo aoiaa
yaeyaony i?aaeaea anaai iaania/aiea oneiaee aeey i?eaea/aiey eiaanoeoeee
ia i?aaei?eyoey, aeinooi yoeo i?aaei?eyoee e aieaa aeaoaaiio, ii
n?aaiaieth n aaieianeeie e?aaeeoaie eaieoaeo.
Eae e ethaie ae?oaie ?uiie, ?OeA neeaaeuaaaony ec ni?ina, i?aaeeiaeaiey
e o?aaiiaaoeaathuae eo oeaiu. Ni?in nicaeaaony eiiiaieyie e n iaeioi?uo
ii? ainoaea?noaii, eioi?ui ia oaaoaao nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia aeey
oeiaine?iaaiey eiaanoeoeee. Aecian e i?aaeoaeuenoaa aunooiatho ia ?OeA
/enouie caaiueeaie (aieueoa caieiatho, /ai iaeaeaeeaatho), a /enouie
e?aaeeoi?ii yaeyaony ianaeaiea, ee/iue naeoi?, o eioi?iai ii ?aciui
i?e/eiai aeioiae i?aauoaao noiio ?anoiaeia ia oaeouaa iio?aaeaiea e
eiaanoeoeee a iaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau (aeaaiui ia?acii aeeeuea).
Iniiaiuie o/anoieeaie ?OeA yae. Oiiaeiaua ae?aee e eiaanoeoeeiiiua
oiiaeu.
Aeoeey - yienneiiiay OeA, cae?aieythuay i?aaa aa aea?aeaoaey(aeoeeiia?a)
ia iieo/aiea /anoe i?eauee AI a aeaea aeeaeaeaiaeia, ia o/anoea a
oi?aaeaiee e ia /anoue eiouanoaa, inoathuaainy iinea aai eeeaeaeaoeee.
Iaeeaaoeey - aeieaiaia iaycaoaeuenoai yieoaioa ia?aae eiaanoi?ii. Yoi
OeA n oeene?iaaiiui aeioiaeii, o.e. % ia caaeneo io ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou
yieoaioa e iaiaa?eaathony ca?aiaa.
I?iecaiaeiua OeA - oaeinoiaa?ytho i?aai aeaaeaeueoea ia iieoieo eee
i?iaeaaeo ia?ae/iuo OeA. Yoi aao/a?(aeae i?aai ia i?eia?aoaiea aeoeee
i?eaaoece?oaiuo i?aaei?eyoee), iioeeii(ia?aaeaao i?aai ia iieoieo eee
i?iaeaaeo ae?oaie OeA ii ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaia aei e(eee) ia
ii?aaeaeaiioth aoaeouoth aeaoo).
Aeaiiceoiua (aeey THE) e naa?aaaoaeueiua (aeey oec.eeoe) na?oeoeeaou -
naeaeaoaeuenoaa aaieia i aianaiee n?aaenoa, aeathuea i?aai ia iieo/aiea
aeeaaea e iaiai?aiiuo i?ioeaioia. Yoi ?aciiaeaeiinoue n?i/iuo aeeaaeia,
eioi?ua iiaoo auoue ia?ai?iaeaiu. I?iaeathony ia oiiaeiauo ae?aeao.
Aaenaeue - aeieaiaia iayc-ai, ninoaaeaiiia ii ii?aaeaeaiiie c-iii oi?ia
e aeathuaa aai aeaaeaeueoeo aaconeiaiia i?aai o?aaiaaoue iaiai?aiioth
noiio ii enoa/aieth oeacaiiiai n?iea.
Aaee/eia nnoaeiiai i?ioeaioa oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa oeaiu e?aaeeoiuo
?ano?nia e ia?aee, oi anoue iaaeaaaee, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey oi?ie?iaaiey
aeioiaeia e?aaeeoiiai o/?aaeaeaiey. I?e yoii ia ?acia? i?ioeaioa aeeyao
ia ?uii/iay noieiinoue i?eaea/aiey ?ano?nia, a ?aaeueiay. I?ioeaioiay
ia?aea, onoaiaaeeaaaiay eiie?aoiui aaieii, aeieaeia iie?uaaoue
aaieianeea ecaea?aeee e iaania/eaaoue niioaaonoaothuoth i?eaueue. ?uiie
ia oa?ieo oaa?aei oeene?iaaiiuo i?ioeaioiuo noaaie. Eieaaaiea o?iaiy
i?ioeaioiuo noaaie - yaeaiea caeiiiia?iia.
Yeiiiie/aneay ?ieue nnoaeiiai i?ioeaioa:
1. I?ioeaio ca e?aaeeo eniieuecoaony aeey ?aaoee?iaaiey e?aaeeoiuo
ioiioaiee n eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie.
2. Nicaeathony oneiaey aeey oi?ie?iaaiey iieiioeaiiiai ?uiea a
e?aaeeoiie noa?a.
3. Ia aeiionoeoue ec-ca iaoaaoee e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia e?eceniiai iaaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa ia i?aaei?eyoeyo.
35. Aeaiaaeiay nenoaia ?innee
AeN ?innee ooieoeeiie?oao a niioaaonoaee n Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii i OeA
?O (Aaiea ?innee) io 12.04.95a., ii?aaeaeeaoai aa i?aaiaua iniiau.
Ioeoe. Aeai. aaeeieoeae a ?innee (aaethoie) yae. ?oaeue. Niioiio.
iaaeaeo ?oaeai e cieioii c-iii ia onoaiiaeaii. Ioeoe. eo?n ?oaey e
eiino?. aeai. aaeeieoeai ii?-ny OeA? e ioae-ny a ia/aoe. Enee. i?aaii
yiennee iae. aeaiaa, i?aaiecaoeee eo ia?auaiey e ecuyoey ia oa??. ?O
iaeaaeaao Aaie ?innee. Ii ioaa/aao ca ninoiyiea aeai. ia?auaiey n
oeaeueth iiaeaea?aeaiey ii?iaeueiie yeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe a
no?aia.
Aeaeaie aeaiaa eiathueie caeiiioth ieaoaaeioth neeo yaeythony aaieiiou e
iaoaee. iiiaou, eio. Iaani-ny anaie aeoeaaie Aaiea ?innee, a o./.
cieioui caianii, ainoae. oeai. aoi., ?aca?aaie e?aae-o o/?-iee,
iaoiaeyueony ia n/aoao OeA?. Ia?acoeu aaieiio e iiiao ooaa?aeaeathony
Aaieii ?innee. Niiauaiea i auionea iiauo ia?acoeia e iienaiea
ioaeeeothony a NIE. Iie iaycaoaeueiu e i?eaio ii ia?eoeaoaeueiie
noieiinoe ia anae oa??eoi?ee no?aiu e ai anao aeaeao ieaoaaeae, a o.ae.
aeey ca/eneaiey ia n/aoa, ai aeeaaeu, aeey ia?aaiaea. N?ie ecuyoey
noa?uo aaieiio ia iiaeao auoue iaiueoa aiaea e ia aieaa iyoe eao. I?e
iaiaia ia aeiioneaaony ia?aie/aiea noii e noauaeoia iaiaia. Aaieiiou e
iiiaou iiaoo auoue iauyaeaiu ii caeiio iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie (oo?aoeaoeie
neeo caeiiiiai ieaoaaeiiai n?aaenoaa). Iiaeaeaeea e iacaeiiiia
ecaioiaeaiea aeaiaa i?aneaaeoaony ii caeiio.
Ia oa??eoi?ee ?O ooieoe-tho iae. e aaciae. aeaiueae. A oeaeyo
i?aaiecaoeee iaee/iiai AeI ia Aaie ?innee aiceiaeaiu neaaeothuea
iaycaiiinoe:
· i?iaiice?iaaiea e i?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?aaicea e o?aiaiea
aaieiio e iiiao, a oaeaea nicaeaiea eo ?aca?aiuo oiiaeia;
Aeey inouanoaeaiey eanniaiai ianeoaeeaaiey e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee e
th?eaee/aneeo eeoe ia oa??eoi?ee ?O nicaeaiu ?EOe i?e oa??-o aeaaiuo
oi?aaeaieyo OeA?. Iie oi?ie?otho iai?ioioth eanno ii i?eaio e auaea/a
iae. aeaiaa, a o.ae. ?aca?aiua oiiaeu aeaiaaeiuo aaieianeeo aeeaoia e
iiiao. ?ac. oiiaeu - yoi caianu ia auiouaiiuo a ia?auaiea aaieiio e
iiiao a o?aieeeuao OeA?. ?ac. oiiaeu nicaeathony ii ?anii?yaeaieth OeA?,
iauaeoeaiay iio?aaiinoue a ?aca?aiuo oiiaeao iaoneiaeaia:
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey ioaeaeu yeiiiieee a iaee/iuo
aeaiueaao; iaiiaeaieai aeaiaaeiie iannu a ia?auaiee a nayce n
i?eoaaeoeie a iaaiaeiinoue aeaiueaaie; iiaeaea?aeaieai iaycaoaeueiiai
iiaeaea?aeaiey iieoith?iiai ninoaaa aeaiaaeiie iannu a oeaeii ii no?aia
e ?aaeiiai; nie?auaieai ?anoiaeia ia ia?aaiceo e o?aiaiea aeaiaaeiuo
ciaeia.
Iaee/iua aeaiueae auioneathony a ia?auaiea ia iniiaa yienneiiiiai
?ac?aoaiey - aeieoiaioa, aeathuaai i?aai OeA? iiaee?aieyoue iai?ioioth
eanno ca n/ao ?aca?aiuo oiiaeia aeaiaaeiuo aaieiio e iiiao. Yoio
aeieoiaio auaeaaony I?aaeaieai Aaiea ?innee a i?aaeaeao yienneiiiie
aee?aeoeau, oi anoue i?aaeaeueiiai ?acia?a auionea aeaiaa a ia?auaiea,
onoaiiaeaiiiai I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O.
36. E?aaeeo a iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaieyo.
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ainoaea?noaaiiue e?aaeeo - oi?ia e?aaeeoiuo ioiioaiee,
i?e eioi?ie iaeii ainoaea?noai aunooiaao e?aaeeoi?ii ii ioiioaieth e
ae?oaiio ainoaea?noao.(eae i?aaeei, ia o?iaia OeA) Iai?., oaoie/aneia
niaeaenoaea.
Aeaeaeaiea aeaiaa i?e auiieiaiee eie naieo ooieoeee a iaee/iie e
aaciaee/iie oi?iao i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeaiaaeiia ia?auaiea. Aeaiaaeiia
ia?auaiea caaeneo io ia?auaiey aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoeu. O ian 6 iai?ioia ca
aiae. Caaeneo io oeai e eiee/anoaa oiaa?ia.
Caeii aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey, ioe?uoue E.Ia?enii, onoaiaaeeaaao
eiee/anoai aeaiaa, ioaeiia aeey auiieiaiey eie ooieoeee n?aaenoaa
ia?auaiey e n?aaenoaa ieaoaaea.
Eiee/anoai aeaiaa caaeneo io eiee/anoaa i?iaeaiiuo ia ?uiea oiaa?ia e
oneoa, o?iaiy oeai e oa?eoia e nei?inoe ia?auaiey aeaiaa.
Aeaiaaeiay ianna - niaieoiiinoue iieoiaoaeueneeo, ieaoaaeiuo e
iaeiieaiiuo n?aaenoa, ianeoaeeaathuay yeiiiie/aneea nayce e
i?eiaaeeaaeauay oece/aneei e th?eaee/aneei eeoeai, a oaeaea
ainoaea?noao. Yoi aaaeiue eiee/anoaaiiue iieacaoaeue aeaeaeaiey aeaiaa.
A oi?iuaiiii aeaea yoo oi?ioeo iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue oae:
IA?A NOIEIINOE. Noieiinoue oiaa?ia iaoiaeeo anaiauaa au?aaeaiea a
aeaiueaao, o.a. aaee/eia eo noieiinoe ii?aaeaeyaony iin?aaenoaii
i?e?aaieaaiey eo e ii?aaeaeaiiiio eiee/anoao aeaiaa. Aeaiueae neoaeao
anaiauei aiieiuaieai e ia?eeii noieiinoae.
N?AAeNOAI IA?AUAIEss. A i?ioeanna oiaa?iiai ia?auaiey, O-Ae-O, aeaiueae
ea?atho ?ieue iin?aaeieea a iaiaia oiaa?ia e auiieiytho ooieoeeth
n?aaenoaa ia?auaiey. Ii n?aaiaieth n iaiaiii oiaa?a ia oiaa?, oiaa?iia
ia?auaiea n eniieueciaaieai aeaiaa ia o?aaoao: acaeiiiai niioaaonoaey
iio?aaiinoae aeaoo iaiaieaathueony oiaa?iaeaaeaeueoeaa; niaiaaeaiey ii
a?aiaie aeoia i?iaeaaee e eoiee; niaiaaeaiey aeoia eoiee-i?iaeaaee a
i?ino?ainoaa.
N iiyaeaieai aeaiaa aicieeaao aiciiaeiinoue ?ac?uaa iaaeaeo i?iaeaaeae e
eoieae.
N?AAeNOAI IAEIIEAIEss. I?iaeaaea oiaa?a aac iineaaeothuae iieoiee aeaao
aiciiaeiinoue iaeaieeaaoue aiaaonoai, aiieiuaiiia a aeaiueaao. Aeaiueae
aunooiatho a ooieoeee ia?aciaaiey nie?iaeu, iaeiieaiee e naa?aaeaiee,
eiaaea iie a?aiaiii ecaeaeathony ec ia?auaiey e inaaeatho a ?oeao
oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae.
N?AAeNOAI IEAOAAEA. Aneaaenoaea iaiaeeiaeiaie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe
ia?eiaeia i?iecaiaenoaa ?acee/iuo oiaa?ia, e iiiaioo iiyaeaiey e/e
oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaey ia ?uiea, iioaioeeaeueiua iieoiaoaee iiaoo ia
eiaoue iaee/iuo aeaiaa. Aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eoiee-i?iaeaaee a
e?aaeeo. N?aaenoaii ia?auaiey oiaaea neoaeao ia naie aeaiueae, a
au?aaeaiiua a ieo aeieaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa. I?e eniieueciaaiee a oeaeyo
iiaaoaiey aeieaiauo iaycaoaeuenoa aeaiueae auiieiytho ooieoeeth
n?aaenoaa ieaoaaea.
IE?IAUA AeAIUeAE. ?acaeoea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo iieeoe/aneeo e yeiiiie/aneeo
naycae (aiaoiaoi?aiauo, iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo e?aaeeoiuo ioiioaiee, e o.ae.)
iaoneiaeeaaao ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aeaiaa ia ie?iaii ?uiea. Ie?iaua
aeaiueae aunooiatho a aeaea neeoeia aeaai?iaeiuo iaoaeeia, a a oneiaeyo
?acaeoiai eaieoaeecia - a aeaea neeoeia cieioa, o.e. iaiieiioeaiiua
aeaiueae, eiathuea ia?auaiea aioo?e ioaeaeueiie no?aiu, ia ie?iaii ?uiea
oa?ytho neeo. Ie?iaua aeaiueae iiaoo auiieiyoue ooieoeee:
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ieaoaaeiiai n?aaenoaa; iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
iieoiaoaeueiiai n?aaenoaa; anaiauaai aiieiuaiey iauanoaaiiiai aiaaonoaa.
Ii ia?a ?acaeoey oiaa?iiai iaiaia iieiioeaiiua aeaiueae i?aa?auathony a
ciaee noieiinoe. Ii ia?a ?acaeoey aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu aoiaaeiua e
e?aaeeoiua aeaiueae, ooieoeeiie?othuea aioo?e no?aiu e auiieiythuea
ooieoeee n?aaenoaa ia?auaiey e ieaoaaea, ia?anoatho ?aciaieaaoueny ia
cieioi. A iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oi?aiauo ioiioaieyo oaeaea aaethou aaaeoueo
no?ai ie?a, e, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, aeieea? NOA, noaee ooieoeeiie?iaaoue
eae iaaeaeoia?iaeiia ieaoaaeiia, iieoiaoaeueiia e ?aca?aiia n?aaenoai.
Cieioua caianu i?e yoii auiieiytho ?ieue eeeaeaeiuo aeoeaia aeey
iieo/aiey ?aca?aiuo aaetho e ae?. N?aaenoa iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?an/aoia.
Iooiae io iaoaeee/aneiai aacena - iaeia noi?iia yaiethoeee aeaiaa,
ae?oaay - oaiaeaioeey e nio?aiaieth n?inoaainy n cieioii anaiauaai
yeaeaaeaioa. Ae?aaioeaiiue iaoae i?iaeieaeaao ea?aoue ?ieue aeaiaa a
ooieoeee nie?iaeua a ea/anoaa no?aoiaiai oiiaea.
40. Oeiu aaieia
Yienneiiiue aaie - yoi aaie, inouanoaeythuee auione aeaiaaeiuo ciaeia,
aaieiio e yaeythueeny oeaio?ii e?aaeeoiie nenoaiu. Ii yaeyaony Aaieii
aaieia.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee. I?aaenoaaeytho niaie e?aaeeoiua o/?aaeaeaiey,
eioi?ua inouanoaeytho e?aaeeoiaaiea i?iiuoeaiiuo, oi?aiauo e ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoee, aeaaiui ia?acii ca n/ao oao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ua
iie iieo/atho a aeaea aeeaaeia, aeaiiceoia eee aea i?eaea/aiiuo ni
noi?iiu e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia, iai?aaeaiiuo io aaiea aaieia, eeai ae?oaeo
aaieia ia oneiaeyo ieaou ca yoe i?eaea/aiiua caaiiua ?ano?nu. Ii oi?ia
nianoaaiiinoe eiiia?/aneea aaiee auaatho: /anoiua; aeoeeiia?iua;
ainoaea?noaaiiua.
43. Iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiue iai?io e aeaiaaeiia ia?auaiea.
Aeaiaaeiia ia?auaiea - aeaeaeaiea aeaiaa i?e auiieiaiee eie naieo
ooieoeee a iaee/iie e aaciaee/iie oi?ia. Ia/aeo aeaeaeaiey aeaiaa
i?aaeoanoaoao eo eiioeaio?aoeey o noauaeoia (a eioaeueeao ianaeaiey).
*oiau ca?iaeeeinue aeaeaeaiea aeaiaa, iaiaoiaeeii aicieeiiaaiea
iio?aaiinoae a aeaiueaao o iaeiie ec aeaoo noi?ii. Ni?in ia aeaiueae
aicieeaao i?e inouanoaeaiee naeaeie, aeaiueae ioaeiu aeey ia?auaiey,
ieaoaaeae ca oiai?u e oneoae. Eo iauai ii?aaeaeyaony iiieiaeueiui
aaeiaui aioo?aiiei i?iaeoeoii. Ni?in ia aeaiueae i?aaeuyaeytho e aeey
iaeiieaiey, eioi?ia aunooiaao a ?aciuo oi?iao: aeeaaeu e?aaeeoiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee, oeaiiuo aoiaaao, ioeoeeaeueiuo ain. caianao. Aeaiaaeiia
ia?auaiea inouanoaeyaony a aeaoo oi?iao: iaee/iua e aaciaee/iua.
Iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiia ia?auaiea aeaeaeaiea iaee/iuo aeaiaa a noa?a
ia?auaiey e auiieiaiea eie aeaoo ooieoeee (n?aaenoa ieaoaaea e n?aaenoa
ia?auaiey). Iaee/iua aeaiueae eniieuecothony:
aeey e?oaiiai?ioa oiaa?ia e oneoa;
aeey ?an/aoia, ia naycaiiuo iaiin?aaenoaaiii n aeaeaeaieai oiaa?a e
oneoa, a eiaiii: ?an/aoia ii auieaoa ca?ieaou, i?aiee, iiniaee, iainee,
ii auieaoa no?aoiauo aiciauaiee ii aeiaiai?ai no?aoiaaiey; ii ieaoaaeai
ianaeaiey ca eiiioiaeueiua oneoae e ae?.
Iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiue iai?io aeeth/aao aeaeaeaiea ana iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiie
iannu ca ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie iaaeaeo ianaeaieai e
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie (iaaeaeo oec. eeoe., iaaeaeo th?eaee/. eeoe.,
iaaeaeo ianaeaieai e ain-aii e o.ae.).
Iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiia aeaeaeaiea inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth ?acee/iuo
aeaeia aeaiaa: aaieiio, iaoaeee/. iiiao, ae?. e?aaeeoiuo eino?oiaioia
(aaenaeae, /aeia, e?aaeeoi. ea?o). Yienneth iaee/iuo aeaiaa inouanoaeyao
oeaio?. (eae i?aaeei ain.) aaie. Ii auioneaao iaee/iua aeaiueae a
ia?auaiea e ecuiaao eo, anee iie i?eoee a iaaiaeiinoue, a oaeaea
caiaiyao aeaiueae ia iiaua ia?acoeu eoith? e iiiao.
A ?innee a nayce n ia?iiiui ?anoe?aieai iaee/ii-aeaiaaeiiai iai?ioa
iineaaeiea iane. eao i?aaei?eiyou iiiuoee ia?aie/eoue aeey th?eae. eeoe
yoio iai?io. Aeey oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia onoaiiaeai eeieo iaee/iuo
aeaiaa. Aaeaaeiaaii iie iiaen/eouaatho ana iinooieaoea e auaeaiiua
aeaiueae e ca/eneytho eo a iai?ioioth eanno. Anee inoaoie aeaiaa a
eiioea i?aauneo onoaiiaeaiiue eeieo, oi noiia naa?o eeieoa ca/eneyaony a
?aca?aiue oiiae. Iaeiaei ia i?aeoeea yoe e ae?. ia?aie/aiey aeaenoaotho
aua neaai.
44. Oeaio?aeueiua aaiee e eo iia?aoeee.
A nia?aiaiiuo aaieianeeo nenoaiao OeA caieiaao iniaia ianoi. Ii yaeyaony
i?aaiii ain. ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee, iaaeaeai i?aaii iiiiiieueiiai
auionea aaieiio, ?aaoee?iaaiey aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey, e?aaeeoiuo
ioiioaiee no?aiu. A OeA o?aiyony cieioi-aaethoiua ?aca?au no?aiu. OeA
inouanoaeyao ?oeiaiaenoai e eiio?ieue iaae anae e?aaeeoiie nenoaiie,
yaeyaony aaieii aaieia, o?aieo a?aiaiii naiaiaeiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa
i?aaeoaeuenoaa, athaeaeaoa, ae?oaeo i?aaeo. i?aaiia, iaycaoaeueiua
?aca?au eiiia?/aneeo aaieia. A oeaeii oeaio?aeueiua aaiee, eae i?aaeei,
yaeythony ainoaea?noaaiiuie. Eiiaaea iie oi?iaeueii ain-ao ia
i?eiaaeeaaeao (O?N -aeoeeiia?iue, Oaaeoea?neee iaoe. aaie), eeai ain-ao
i?eiaaeeaaeeo eeoue /anoue eaieoaea (a ssiiiee), a ethaii neo/aa ana
oeaio?aeueiua aaiee i?iaiaeyo iieeoeeo ain-aa e ?aaioatho eae ain.
i?aaiu.
Iniaaiiinoe aeoeaiuo e ianneaiuo iia?aoeee OeA. Enoi/ieeii ia?aciaaiey
eo ?ano?nia neoaeeo i?aeiouanoaaiii ia nianoaaiiua eaieoaeu e
i?eaea/aiiua aeeaaeu, a yienney aaieiio. E?iia oiai OeA aeeoioee?otho
aeaiiceou EA e ainoaea?noaa.
*anoue n?aaenoa EA iaycaiu o?aieoue a aeaea eanniaie iaee/iinoe
(eanniauo ?aca?aia), aeey oiai /oiau aania?aaieii oaeiaeaoai?youe ana
o?aaiaaiey aeeaae/eeia i auaea/a iaee/iuo aeaiaa. Ei??. n/ao(EN) EA a
OeA. I?e iin?aaenoaa EN a oa??eo-i iiae?acaeaeaiee OeA EA inouanoaeytho
iaaeaeo niaie ?an/aou. Eae i?aaeei, EA eiatho ii?aaeaeaiiue inoaoie ia
naiai EN a OeA, eioi?ue noaiiaeony nin?aaeioi/aieai aeaiaaeiuo ?aca?aia
E aaieia.
A niioaaonoaee ni neiaeeaoaeny i?aeoeeie OeA ia oiea/eaaao E aaieai % ii
eo aeaiiceoai, iaeiaei aanieaoii inouanoaeyao aeey EA ?an/aoiua
iia?aoeee.
Ia?yaeo n aaieianeeie aeeaaeaie a. ?ieue a ianneaao yienneiiiuo aaieia
caieiatho aeeaaeu ainoaea?noaa. Iaeiaei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea OeA
auaeaao e?aaeeou EA, iie yaeythony, eae i?aaeei, auniei iaania/aiiuie
e ii iei EA oiea/eaatho cia/eoaeueiua % - o/aoiay noaaea OeA.
A iaeanoe aeoeaiuo iia?aoeee OeA ioee/athony io EA ii oa?aeoa?o
caaiueeia e oi?iai e?aaeeoiaaiey. Aeaaiuie caaiueeaie OeA aunooiatho EA
e ainoaea?noai, a caaiueeaie EA - ?acee/iua yeiiiie/aneea aaaiou,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aaaeouea oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue.
Niaoeeoe/aneie iaeanoueth OeA yaeyaony e?aaeeoiaaiea EA. E nnoaeai a
OeA EA i?eaaaatho aeey oeaeaaiai e?aaeeoiaaiey eeeaioo?u, a oaeaea a
ia?eiae iai?yaeaiiiai iieiaeaiey ia aeaiaaeiii ?uiea. Oaeea nnoaeu
i?eieiatho neaaeothuea oi?iu: ia?ao/ao e ia?acaeia aaenaeae; ia?acaeia
oeaiiuo aoiaa; oeaeaaua nnoaeu OeA ia eiaanoeoeeiiiua oeaee, o. a.
oeaeaaua eiaanoeoeeiiiua e?aaeeou, i?aaeinoaaeyaiua OeA ii?aaeaeaiiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi /a?ac EA.
OeA ia?ao/eouaatho aaenaey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua E aaieaie. I?e yoii o?aoueae
iiaeienueth ia aaenaea yaeyaony iiaeienue EA, eioi?ue ia?ao/eouaaao
aaenaeue a OeA.
Eiaaea aeaoe oe eo ain. a th aeaeaoa i?eia?aoaao nenoaiaoe/aneee oa?ae
o a? e i?aae o aeuenoai iinoiyiii iieuecoaony e?aaee o aie OeA aeey
iie?u o ey aeaoeoeeoa ain. ath ae aeaoa, nnoaeu ainoaea?noao noaiiayony
oaeoi?ii eioeyoeee.
E aaaeiui ooieoeeyi yienneiiiuo aaieia ioiinyony iia?aoeee ia ioe?uoii
?uiea e aeaaeciua iia?aoeee.
Iia?aoeee ia ioe?uoii ?uiea - yoi iieoiea e i?iaeaaea ain. oeaiiuo
aoiaa. Eiaanoeoeee a ain. oeaiiua aoiaae aeey OeA - ia oieueei oi?ia
aeiaeaiey naiaiaeiuo aeai. n?aaenoa, ii e niinia oei-y ainoaea?noaa e
iaoiae aicaeaenoaey OeA ia aeaiaaeiue ?uiie. Iooai iia?aoeee ia ioe?uoii
?uiea OeA iiaoo iiauoaoue e iiieaeaoue iauee iauai n?aaenoa o EA,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo ia oei-a ae?oaeo iio?aaiinoae iiieii e?aaeeoiaaiey
ainoaea?noaa.
Aeaaeciua iia?aoeee - iieoiea e i?iaeaaea OeA eiino?aiiie aaethou aeey
iiaeaea?aeaiey a ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaeaeao eo?na iaoe. aeai. aaeeieoeu.
Yoe iia?aoeee eiatho oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a aeayoaeueiinoe OeA?. Oae,
a o?aoueai eaa?oaea 1995 a. a ?innee aue aaaaeai oae iacuaaaiue
"aaethoiue ei?eaei?", eiaaea ?acia?u eieaaaiee eo?na ?inneeneiai ?oaey e
aeieea?o NOA auee ia?aie/aiu ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?aaeaeaie.
45 Nouiinoue eioeyoeee, oi?iu aa i?iyaeaiey e iaoiaeu noaaeeecaoeee
aeai. ia?au.
Eio-oeey - iaanoeaieaaiea aeaiaa, aeenaaeain ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey
Ecia?-ea- Eiaeaen oeai a aeaiiii ia?eiaea (%) = Oeaia ?ui. ei?ceiu a
io/. ia?./ Oeaia ?ui. ei?ceiu a aac. ia?eiaea*100%
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