Ino?ue yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, n eioi?ui noieeioeenue iiiaea no?aiu a
ia/aea 80-o aiaeia, iio?aaiaae ia?ano?ieee ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee, ia?aoiaea e ?acaeoeth ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee.
Iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i a ?innee noaee
i?eaaoecaoeey (ia?aoiae ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiouanoaa a /anoiua ?oee),
eeaa?aeecaoeey oeai, oeiainiaay noaaeeecaoeey (ai?ueaa n eioeyoeeae,
oe?aieaiea eo?na iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou).
Ei?ie iiiaeo naaiaeiyoieo i?iaeai a ?innee (niaaea i?iecaiaenoaa,
eioeyoeee, iaonoie/eainoe ?oaey, e?ecena iaieaoaaeae) ooiaeyo a
nouanoaiaaaooth ?aiaa oeaio?aeeciaaiioth nenoaio oicyenoaiaaiey e aa
ianeaaeea - iiiiiieeci e oaoie/aneoth ionoaeinoue.
Ethaay ?uii/iay yeiiiieea i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ?acaeoie oeiainiaie
nenoaiu, i?aaenoaaeythuae niaie niaieoiiinoue oeiainiauo ioiioaiee e
?aaoee?othueo eo einoeoooia. Oeiainiaue iaoaieci caieiaao iaeii ec
aaaeiaeoeo iano a no?oeoo?a ethaiai ainoaea?noaa. *a?ac iaai
ainoaea?noai e i?aaei?eyoey ia?acotho e eniieuecotho oiiaeu aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iaeiie ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei nio?aiythuaainy oyaeaeiai yeiiiie/aneiai
iieiaeaiey a iaoae no?aia yaeyaony ionoonoaea nouanoaaiiuo iiceoeaiuo
naeaeaia a no?oeoo?a naiie yeiiiieee. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi io?aaeaao
iaaeinoaoi/ioth yooaeoeaiinoue i?iaiaeeiie iieeoeee oeiainiaie
noaaeeecaoeee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. A ?inneeneie yeiiiieee
eaoano?ioe/anee ia oaaoaao aeaiaa. Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeaiaa yaeyaony
i?e/eiie ieceie niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia, e?ecena ieaoaaeae, ianniauo
caaea?aeae n auieaoie ca?aaioiie ieaou. Iiyoiio a iineaaeiaa a?aiy
aanueia ?ani?ino?aiaiiie noaea oi/ea c?aiey, niaeanii eioi?ie iiaue
aeoie e?ecena a no?aia iauyniyaony eiaiii iaoaaoeie aeaiaa a
yeiiiie/aneii iai?ioa.
Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue yaeyaony aeooaeueiaeoae
i?iaeaiie ?inneeneie yeiiiieee, iioiio /oi ei?ie anao yeiiiie/aneeo
i?iaeai aaaeoo eiaiii e iaio. Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue aeaoeoeeo
ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa a ?innee auoiaeeo aeaeaei ca ?aiee
iieaciiai e oai aieaa aeiionoeiiai.
A eeoa?aoo?a yoa i?iaeaia inaauaaony aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii, aea yoi e
iaoaeeaeoaeueii. Oioy neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi yeiiiienou a aieueoeinoaa
naiai iuoathony i?iaiaeece?iaaoue ia naio i?iaeaio athaeaeaoiiai
aeaoeoeeoa, a aa i?e/eiu. Auneacuaaaony iiiaeanoai ?acee/iuo oi/ae
c?aiey e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii iiaiaeo iooae aa ?aoaiey.
Iniiaiay o?oaeiinoue i?e ?aaioa iaae oaiie caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
nenoaiaoece?iaaoue e iaiaueoue eiathueany naaaeaiey, aeaoue ii
aiciiaeiinoe aieaa oi/iua aeaiiua, auyaeoue aeaenoaeoaeueiia ninoiyiea
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e iiaeiyoue i?iaeaiu aai
aeaoeoeeoa. A yoii e caeeth/aaony iniiaiay eaeay aeaiiie ?aaiou.
Aeaaa I. Eiioeaiooaeueiua iiaeoiaeu e athaeaeaoiiio aeaoeoeeoo
1.1. Aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa
Oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a oeiainiaie nenoaia ethaiai ainoaea?noaa caieiaao
ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao - naiue e?oiiue aeaiaaeiue oiiae, eioi?ue
eniieuecoao i?aaeoaeuenoai aeey oeiaine?iaaiey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe. Ca
n/ao ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa niaea?aeaony a?iey, iieeoeey,
cia/eoaeueiay /anoue cae?aaiio?aiaiey, e, /oi naiia aeaaiia, n aai
iiiiuueth ainoaea?noai ieacuaaao aicaeaenoaea ia yeiiiie/aneea
i?ioeannu.
A neeo naiaai iniaiai iieiaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao
acaeiiaeaenoaoao n ae?oaeie caaiueyie oeiainiaie nenoaiu, ieacuaay ei
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiiiuue. Iia i?iecaiaeeony, eae i?aaeei, iooai
ia?aaea/e aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ec oeaio?aeueiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oiiaea
ioieoeeiaeueiui oeiainiaui oiiaeai, oiiaeai ainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee e niaoeeaeueiui i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui oiiaeai.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao ninoieo ec aeaoo acaeiinaycaiiuo e
acaeiiaeiiieiythueo ae?oa ae?oaa /anoae: aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie.
Aeioiaeiay /anoue iieacuaaao, ioeoaea iinooiatho aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa
aeey oeiaine?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa, eaeea neie iauanoaa
io/eneytho ia niaea?aeaiea ainoaea?noaa aieueoa anaai ec naieo
aeioiaeia. ?anoiaeiay /anoue iieacuaaao, ia eaeea oeaee iai?aaeythony
aeeoioee?oaiua ainoaea?noaii n?aaenoaa.
A eaaeaeie no?aia no?oeoo?a athaeaeaoa eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe. Iia
ii?aaeaeyaony yeiiiie/aneei iioaioeeaeii no?aiu, ianooaaiinoueth caaea/,
?aoaaiuo ainoaea?noaii ia aeaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey, ?ieueth ainoaea?noaa a
yeiiiieea, ninoiyieai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee e ?yaeii ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia.
n i?yiua e einaaiiua iaeiae. A aeioiaeao ainoaea?noaa iie ninoaaeytho
io 80 aei 90% Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. -
?inoia-ia-Aeiio: ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.. Naiuie e?oiiuie ec ieo
yaeythony - iiaeioiaeiue iaeia, iaeia ia i?eaueue ei?ii?aoeee e iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue;
n ainoaea?noaaiiua caeiu. Inouanoaeythony iie n iiiiuueth auionea e
?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa (iaeeaaoeee e eacia/aeneeo
aaenaeae). Eo aeiey a ainoaea?noaaiiii athaeaeaoa ninoaaeyao io 10 aei
20%11 Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. -
?inoia-ia-Aeiio: ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.;
n yienney (auione) aoiaaeiuo e e?aaeeoiuo aeaiaa. E yoiio enoi/ieeo
i?aaeoaeuenoaa i?eaaaatho a oii neo/aa, anee ?aniieaaaaiuie aeioiaeaie
iaeuecy iaania/eoue oeiaine?iaaiea i?iecaiaeeiuo ?anoiaeia, o. a. a
oneiaeyo i?aauoaiey ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie.
Eaaeaeia i?aaeoaeuenoai a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe no?aieony e oiio, /oiau
aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoa ?aaiyeanue ?anoiaeiie. Niioaaonoaea eo
iacuaaaony aaeainii aeioiaea.
A ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ?anoiaeiay /anoue, eae i?aaeei, i?aauoaao
aeioiaeioth. Oaeia ninoiyiea athaeaeaoa iacuaaaony athaeaeaoiui
aeaoeoeeoii. Aai aicieeiiaaiea iaoneiaeeaaaony iiiaeie i?e/eiaie, n?aaee
eioi?uo iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea: niaae iauanoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caauoaiiua ?anoiaeu ia ?aaeecaoeee i?eiyouo nioeeaeueiuo
i?ia?aii, aic?inoea cao?aou ia iai?iio, ?ino oaiaaiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee,
?ino i?aaeaeueiuo ecaea?aeae iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ianniaue
auione ionouo aeaiaa. Iniaia cia/aiea ec ieo eiatho niaae i?iecaiaenoaa
e ?ino oaiaaiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee. Iaee/ea yoeo i?e/ei i?eaiaeeo e
oiaiueoaieth iaeiaiaie aacu. A ia?aii neo/aa i?ienoiaeeo nie?auaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa, oiaiueoaaony iieo/aaiay i?eaueue, e neaaeiaaoaeueii,
oiaiueoathony iinooieaiey a athaeaeao. A ?acoeueoaoa ieai iinooieaiey a
athaeaeao ia auiieiyaony. Ai aoi?ii neo/aa i?aaei?eyoey aiiaua
ia?anoatho ieaoeoue iaeiae. Aaaeue oaiaaay yeiiiieea ioee/aaony io
iau/iie (eaaaeueiie) eeoue oai, /oi oe?iu e i?aaei?eyoey, aeaenoaothuea
a iae, ieaaea ia ?aaeno?e?othony e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ieeaeeo iaeiaia ia
ieaoyo. Ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu eo ia aeaeyo, iie iaoiaeyony a oaie.
Nai ii naaa aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa ia iiaeao auoue /ai-oi /?acau/aeii
iaaaoeaiui aeey ?acaeoey yeiiiieee e aeeiaieee aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy
ianaeaiey. Aeaaea naiua yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoua no?aiu a e?eoe/aneea
ia?eiaeu, eae i?aaeei, eiatho aeaoeoeeoiue athaeaeao io 10 aei 30%11
Nia?aiaiiay yeiiiieea: iauaaeinooiiue o/aaiue eo?n. - ?inoia-ia-Aeiio:
ecae-ai Oaieen,1996. n.58.. Ana caaeneo io i?e/ei aai aicieeiiaaiey e
iai?aaeaiee ?anoiaeia ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa. Anee
oeiainiaua n?aaenoaa, ninoaaeythuea i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae
aeioiaeaie, iai?aaeythony ia ?acaeoea yeiiiieee, eniieuecothony aeey
?acaeoey i?ei?eoaoiuo io?aneae, o. a. eniieuecothony yooaeoeaii, oi a
aoaeouai ?ino i?iecaiaenoaa e i?eauee a ieo n eeoaie aicianoyo
i?iecaaaeaiiua cao?aou e iauanoai a oeaeii io oaeiai aeaoeoeeoa oieueei
auea?aao. Anee aea i?aaeoaeuenoai ia eiaao /aoeie i?ia?aiiu
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, a i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie
aeiioneaao n oeaeueth eaoaiey oeiainiauo aeu?, noaneaee?iaaiey
ia?aioaaaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, oi athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo iaecaaaeii
i?eaaaeao e ?inoo io?eoeaoaeueiuo iiiaioia a ?acaeoee yeiiiieee, aeaaiui
ec eioi?uo yaeyaony oneeaiea eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia.
A yeiiiie/aneeo nenoaiao n oeene?iaaiiui eiee/anoaii aeaiaa a ia?auaiee
i?aaeoaeuenoai ?aniieaaaao aeaoiy o?aaeeoeeiiiuie niiniaaie iie?uoey
aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa - yoi ainoaea?noaaiiua caeiu e oaeanoi/aiey
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey. Ii anoue e o?aoee niinia, i?aaeoniao?eaathuee
oaaee/aiea aeaiaaeiie iannu a ia?auaiee, - yoi nianoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai
aeaiaa, eee naiuei?aae (ia/aoaiuea aeaiaa).
Iaeiaei naiuei?aae naaiaeiy ia i?eieiaao oi?io i?inoiai ia/aoaiey aeaiaa
(yoi neeoeii yaii naycaii n oneeaieai eioeyoeee). A ianoiyuaa a?aiy yoio
i?ioeann ?aaeecoaony iin?aaenoaii nicaeaiey ?aca?aia eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia. Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi yoe iia?aoeee aeieaeiu eiaoue
iacia/eoaeueiue ?acia?, oiaaea iniai iaaoaiuo iineaaenoaee iie ia ianoo.
Ii, anee i?aaeoaeuenoai /?acia?ii iieaaaaony ia iaoaieci naiuei?aaea eae
n?aaenoai iieaou naieo ?anoiaeia, oi eiee/anoai aeaiaa, iaoiaeyueony a
ia?auaiee, aoaeao ?anoe neeoeii auno?i (a niioaaonoaee n
ioeueoeieeeaoi?ii aeaiaaeiiai i?aaeeiaeaiey), ii?iaeaeay oai naiui ?ino
eioeyoeee. Eacaeinue au, ecaaaeaoue yoeo io?eoeaoaeueiuo iineaaenoaee
eaaei: O?N iiaeao ioeacaoueny io iieoiee eacia/aeneeo aaenaeae e oai
naiui ia iiiiaaoue Eacia/aenoao. Iaeiaei i?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi i?e
aeinoeaeaiee athaeaeaoiui aeaoeoeeoii ii?aaeaeaiiiai e?eoe/aneiai
o?iaiy, aai aeaeueiaeoee ?ino i?eieiaao ac?uaiiianiue oa?aeoa?, e
ieeaeea ia?u oeneaeueiie iieeoeee oaea ia niiniaiu inoaiiaeoue yoio
i?ioeann.
Iniiaiie auaiae ynai: aaeaaiaeii aaeaine?oaiue athaeaeao ia yaeyaony
yeiiiie/anee iaeo?aeueiui. Ianiio?y ia yoo e ae?oaea i?iaeaiu, ai iiiaeo
no?aiao nouanoaoao cia/eoaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea eaeae i?eiyoey
eiinoeoooeeiiiie iii?aaee, i?aaeoniao?eaathuae aaeaaiaeiia
aaeaine?iaaiea athaeaeaoa.
Aoi?ay eiioeaioeey aace?oaony ia oii, /oi athaeaeao aeieaeai auoue
naaeaine?iaai a oiaea yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea, a ia ca eaaeaeue aiae.
Aeaiiay eiioeaioeey i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai inouanoaeyao
aioeoeeeee/aneia aicaeaenoaea e iaeiia?aiaiii no?aieony naaeaine?iaaoue
athaeaeao. A yoii neo/aa, iaeiaei, athaeaeao ia aeieaeai
aaeaine?iaaoueny aaeaaiaeii. Aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau ii aue naaeaine?iaai a
oiaea yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea. Eiae/aneia iainiiaaiea yoie eiioeaioeee
athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee i?inoi, ?acoiii e i?eaeaeaoaeueii. Aeey oiai,
/oiau i?ioeainoiyoue niaaeo, i?aaeoaeuenoai aeieaeii nieceoue iaeiae e
oaaee/eoue i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, oai naiui niciaoaeueii aucuaaao
aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa. A oiaea iineaaeothuaai eioeyoeeiiiiai iiaeuaia
i?aaeoaeuenoai iiauoaao iaeiae e i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu.
Aicieeathuaa ia yoie iniiaa iieiaeeoaeueiia naeueaei athaeaeaoa iiaeao
auoue eniieueciaaii ia iie?uoea oaaea?aeueiiai aeieaa, aicieeoaai a
ia?eiae niaaea. Oaeei ia?acii i?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaiaeeo iiceoeaioth
aioeoeeeee/aneoth iieeoeeo e iaeiia?aiaiii aaeaine?oao athaeaeao, ii ia
ia aaeaaiaeiie iniiaa, a ca ia?eiae a ianeieueei eao. Ii a aeaiiie
eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoa nouanoaoao eeth/aaay i?iaeaia, eioi?ay ninoieo a
oii, /oi niaaeu e iiaeuaiu a yeiiiie/aneii oeeeea iiaoo auoue
iaiaeeiaeiauie ii aeoaeia e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe. Iai?eia?, aeeeoaeueiue
e aeoaieee niaae iiaeao niaieoueny ei?ioeei ia?eiaeii iiaeuaia.
Iiyaeaiea aieueoiai aeaoeoeeoa a ia?eiae niaaea a yoii neo/aa ia
iie?iaony iaaieueoei iieiaeeoaeueiui naeueaei athaeaeaoa ia?eiaea
i?ioeaaoaiey, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aoaeao eiaoue ianoi oeeeee/aneee
aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa.
O?aouey eiioeaioeey naycaia n eaeaae oae iacuaaaiuo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo
oeiainia. A niioaaonoaee n yoie eaeaae aii?in i naaeaine?iaaiiinoe
athaeaeaoa - ia aaeaaiaeiie eee ia oeeeee/aneie iniiaa - aoi?inoaiaiiue.
Ia?aiia/aeueiie oeaeueth oaaea?aeueiuo oeiainia yaeyaony iaania/aiea ia
eioeyoeeiiiie iieiie caiyoinoe, oi anoue aaeaine?iaaiea yeiiiieee, a ia
athaeaeaoa. Anee aeinoeaeaiea yoie oeaee nii?iaiaeaeaaony onoie/eaui
iieiaeeoaeueiui naeueaei eee aieueoei e ana aic?anoathuei
ainoaea?noaaiiui aeieaii - ionoue aoaeao oae. A niioaaonoaee n aeaiiie
eiioeaioeeae i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n ainoaea?noaaiiuie aeaoeoeeoaie eee
eceeoeaie, iaeicia/eiu a n?aaiaiee n aunoae noaiaie iaaeaeaoaeueiuie
aeueoa?iaoeaaie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiuo niaaeia eee onoie/eaie eioeyoeee.
Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao yaeyaony - ai ia?auo e i?aaeaea anaai -
eino?oiaioii aeinoeaeaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey iae?iyeiiiie/aneie
noaaeeueiinoe. I?aaeoaeuenoai ia aeieaeii niiiaaaoueny, eaey ia aaaeaiea
ethauo aeaoeoeeoia eee eceeoeia aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee.
Aoi?ay e o?aouey eiioeaioeee eaaeao a iniiaa oeiainiaie iieeoeee,
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e iie?athuaeny ia iioaioeeae
aeaiaaeiiai oicyenoaa no?aiu. Oaeay iieeoeea i?aaeiieaaaao:
n iaee/ea /aoeie i?ia?aiiu oeiainiauo ia?ii?eyoee a ?aieao aeaiaaeiiai
iioaioeeaea no?aiu;
n eiio?ieue ca ?acaeoeai athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa e iiene enoi/ieeia
aai iie?uoey;
n auaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia ia?ii?eyoey, aeathuea
cia/eoaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo.
Iaeaaeaiea yoie iieeoeeie iicaieyao iauanoao iaoiaeeoue iioeiaeueioth
aaee/eio athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. Oae, a eiioea 80-o aiaeia
athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ai O?aioeee ninoaaeye 9,6% io AII, a NOA - 11,6,
a O?A - 14, a ssiiiee - 15,6, a Aaeueaee - 25,1, a Eoaeee - 25,2, a
A?aoeee - 31,2%.11 Eaiaaa A. Ae. e eieeaeoea aaoi?ia. O/aaiee ii iniiaai
yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee (yeiiiieea). - I.: AEAAeIN, 1994. - n.59.
Iaeiaei i?e anae i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe iieeoeee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
e?oiiua aeaoeoeeou i?eaiaeyo e cia/eoaeueiui io?eoeaoaeueiui
iineaaenoaeyi aeaaea aeey aiaaouo a yeiiiie/aneii ioiioaiee no?ai. Oae,
aia?eeaineay yeiiiieea aeeeoaeueiua aiaeu ooieoeeiie?iaaea a oneiaeyo
onoie/eaiai aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Ii e na?aaeeia 90-o
aiaeia aeaoeoeeo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?eia?ae iniai e?oiiua
ianooaau, /oi canoaaeei i?aaeoaeuenoai ecuneeaaoue aeaenoaaiiua
n?aaenoaa ai?ueau n iei.
*oi aea eanaaony ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, oi iia aeeeoaeueiia
a?aiy aace?iaaeanue ia ia?aie eiioeaioeee. O?aaiaaiea aacaeaoeoeeoiinoe
athaeaeaoa yaeyeinue aeueoie e iiaaie iaoaai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey.
Aeaaa II. Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea
Iaoeeiiaeueiue, eee ainoaea?noaaiiue, aeiea - yoi iauay iaeiieaiiay
noiia anao iieiaeeoaeueiuo naeueaei athaeaeaoia oaaea?aeueiiai
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ca au/aoii anao aeaoeoeeoia, eioi?ua eiaee ianoi a
no?aia. ?acee/atho aiaoiee e aioo?aiiee ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea.
. A yoie noiia iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan i?eoiaeeony ia
caaeieaeaiiinoue ii e?aaeeoai. Ia 1 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea iauay noiia
aioo?aiiaai ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa oaea ninoaaeea 326,0 o?ei. ?oaeae22
Oai aea. n.22.. Caaeieaeaiiinoue Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?innee ia?aae
Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?innee ii ainoaea?noaaiiui oeaiiui aoiaaai a iauae
noiia aai caaeieaeaiiinoe a 1996 aiaeo ninoaaeea 34,95 o?ei. ?oaeae, eee
36%, e aic?inea ii n?aaiaieth n 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea ia 27,9 o?ei.
?oaeae33 Oai aea. n.22.. Yoi auei naycaii n i?iaaaeaieai OeA iia?aoeee
ia ioe?uoii ?uiea a ?aieao ooaa?aeaeaiiie aeaiaaeiie i?ia?aiiu. Iieoiay
ainoaea?noaaiiua iaycaoaeuenoaa, Oeaio?aeueiue aaie nicaeaao aaco aeey
iineaaeothuae aeaiiceoii-/aeiaie yiennee eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, /oi
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aaaeao e oaaee/aieth iannu ia?auathueony aeaiaa.
?aoeiaine?iaaiea iaeiieaiiie ainoaea?noaaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, e
eioi?iio iaecaaaeii aoaeao auioaeaeaii i?eaaaaoue I?aaeoaeuenoai a
oa/aiee anaai 1995 aiaea, icia/aao, /oi iioaioeeaeueiua iaycaoaeuenoaa,
auaeaiiua ei a 1994 aiaeo, aeieaeiu aoaeoo i?aa?aoeoueny a ?aaeueiua
ieaoaaee, i?eaiaeyuea e ?inoo aeaeeiiai oaaea?aeueiiai aeieaa naa?o
iaeeaeaaiiai athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. E?iia oiai, a ninoaaa
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aioo?aiiaai aeieaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee /eneeoueny
caaeieaeaiiinoue Ieioeia ia?aae eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie, aeeth/ay
Naa?aaaoaeueiue aaie e Aiaoyeiiiiaaie.
A oneiaeyo aeinoaoi/ii ?aceiai iaaeaiey aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa Ieienoa?noai oeiainia i?eaaaaao e ana aieaa aeoeaiie
yeniainee oeiainiaiai ?uiea ca n/ao auionea ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaeeaaoeee
aeey iie?uoey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. Yoa oaiaeaioeey iaaethaeaaony e
a athaeaeaoiuo i?iaeoe?iaeao ia oaeouee oeiainiaue aiae. Iineieueeo
aiciiaeiinoue oaaee/aiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a no?aia i?aeoe/anee
en/a?iaia, oi aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiue ?uiie oeaiiuo aoiaa, ianeoaeeaathueo
ainoaea?noaaiiue aeiea, aaaeao ia oieueei e aicieeiiaaieth e?eceniuo
yaeaiee, iiauoathueo noaiaiue ?enea anaai ?uiea, ii e e noaeaieth
ae?oaeo oeiainiauo naeoi?ia e eo ineaaeaieth, a /anoiinoe yoi eanaaony
e?aaeeoiiai e aaethoiiai ?uieia.
Ianeoaeeaaiea aiaoiaai aeieaa oaeaea noaei aanueia na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie
aeey ?inneeneiai athaeaeaoa. A athaeaeaoa 1996 aiaea ia auieaoo aeieaia
auei i?aaeoniio?aii 8,5 ie?ae. aeieea?ia, ec eioi?uo i?eia?ii iieiaeia
iioea ia ianeoaeeaaiea aeieaia ?innee, acyouo iinea 1991 aiaea e ia
iiaeeaaeaueo ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee. Yoe ?anoiaeu i?aauoatho ?acia?u
eiino?aiiuo /anoiuo eaieoaeia e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie iiiiue, eioi?oth
?inney iieo/aao io eiino?aiiuo aaieia e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oeiainiauo
i?aaiecaoeee.
?anoiaeu ia iiaaoaiea e ianeoaeeaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa
oa?aeoa?ecothony neaaeothueie aeaiiuie: a 1994 aiaeo iie ninoaaeee 5,6%
a iauaia athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, a 1995 aiaeo - 9,2%, a 1996 aiaeo -
13%, a a 1997 aiaeo a niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa
ia 1997 aiae iie ninoaaeee 14,8%11 Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae. // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. -
n.22
. Yoe iieacaoaee iaaeyaeii aeaiiino?e?otho, /oi i?ienoiaeeo oaei?iaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa e oaaee/aiea aeiee athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa,
iai?aaeyaiuo ia aai ianeoaeeaaiea, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, nie?auaiea
nioeeaeueiuo e eiaanoeoeeiiiuo i?ia?aii, oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/ao
athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa. A oaeie neooaoeee neaaeoao ia oieueei aanueia
inoi?iaeii iiaeoiaeeoue e i?eaea/aieth iiauo caeiia, ii e iai?aaeoue
cia/eoaeueiua oneeey ia oaaee/aiea n?ieia ia?auaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeaiiuo aoiaa, ?aaoee?iaaiea eo aeioiaeiinoe e nieaeaiea noaaee
?aoeiaine?iaaiey.
Aeaaa III. Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e aai aeaoeoeeo a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee
3.1. Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann
a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia
A iniiaiii (ia?ae/iii) aeoa athaeaeaoiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee - Caeiia ?NON? Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?NON? io 10 ieoya?y 1991 aiaea, a ia?aa?aoa 1,
noaouea 1 aiai?eoueny, /oi athaeaeao naaiaeiy - yoi oi?ia ia?aciaaiey e
?anoiaeiaaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey ooieoeee
ainoaea?noaa, noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Niaeanii
Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao ?NON?
eiaioaony oaia?ue oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. A
naith i/a?aaeue any athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, eae e
ai anao oaaea?aoeaiuo ainoaea?noaao, ninoieo ec o?ao caaiueaa:
Enoi/iee: ?an/aou IYA ii aeaiiui IAO, Aineiinoaoa ?O e OeA?
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ?O ieacaeny a e?eoe/aneii
ninoiyiee, i?aaeaea anaai ii eniieiaieth aai aeioiaeiie /anoe. Iauai
iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee e iiya?th 1996 aiaea ninoaaee 57,7% athaeaeaoiuo
i?iaeoe?iaie11 A. No?iaa. Ei??aeoe?iaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i e
?ac?aaioea iiaie eiioeaioeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee // Aii?inu yeiiiieee.
- 1997. - ?1. - n.77. Caeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae ninoaaeai a ?an/aoa ia neaaeothuea
iae?iyeiiiie/aneea ia?aiao?u: iauai AAI i?aaeiieaaaaony auoue a noiia
2727,0 o?ei. ?oa. (?ino AAI ia o?iaia 101% aai aaee/eiu a 1996 aiaeo),
i?e yoii iaeeaeaaony ?aei?aeii ieceay ca iineaaeiea aiaeu eioeyoeey -
0,8% a ianyoe e ?ino aaethoiiai eo?na ?oaey ia o?iaia 4 - 5%, /oi a
?aaeueiii au?aaeaiee aeieaeii ninoaaeoue 5560 ?oa. ca aeieea? NOA a
n?aaeiai ca aiae22 Iiaeii?eia E. I i?iaeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia
1997 aiae. // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. - n.15.
Eia/a aiai?y, I?aaeoaeuenoai aiiaue i?eaioe?oaony ia iioeienoe/aneee
i?iaiic ?acaeoey yeiiiieee no?aiu a 1997 aiaeo. A ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie
ii ni- ioaaonoaoao iaeioi?ui oaiaeaioeeyi iineaaeieo ianyoeaa 1996
aiaea. A /anoiinoe, yoi eanaaony nie?auaiey oaiiia eioeyoeee, eioi?ia a
iaa i?ioeiai aiaea ninoaaeei 1,6%, a ethea - 0,7%. Oaeoe/aneee oaii
eioeyoeee a ethea ?aaai 1,2%33 Oai aea. n. 15.. E?iia oiai,
iaaethaeaaony ii?aaeaeaiiay noaaeeecaoeey iaiaiiiai eo?na ?oaey. Iaeiaei
iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi yoe i?ioeannu i?ioaeatho ia oiia
nie?auaiey iauaiia aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa e i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caiaaeeaiey nei?inoe ia?auaiey aeaiaa, oooaeoaiey
oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee. Ia nieceeenue oaeaea i?ioeaioiua
noaaee aei o?iaiy, iaania/eaathuaai aeinooiiinoue e?aaeeoia aeey
eiaanoe?iaaiey ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a eae iaiaoiaeeiiai oneiaey aeey auoiaea
ec aeai?annee e ia/aea iaeeaeaiey yeiiiieee.
A ?acoeueoaoa ca ia?aia iieoaiaeea i?ioeiai aiaea iauai AAI oiaiueoeeny
(a niiinoaaeiuo oeaiao) ii n?aaiaieth n niioaaonoaothuei ia?eiaeii 1995
aiaea ia 5% (a oi a?aiy eae i?iaiicii iaia/aeny aai ?ino), a iauai
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia 4%44 Oai aea. n. 15.. I?e yoii a iaa -
ethia 1996 aiaea noaoenoeea caoeene?iaaea aic?anoaiea oaiiia
i?iiuoeaiiiai niaaea ii ioiioaieth e i?aaeuaeouaio aiaeo.
Nia?aiaiiay neooaoeey a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia naaiaeiy a
?innee oa?aeoa?ecoaony i?aaeaea anaai oaiaeaioeeyie ia?anoaiey
athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena. Iniiaiua i?aaeiinueee athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena a
?innee auee caeiaeaiu a enoiaeiie iiaeaee yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i aua a
1991 aiaeo e iinoaiaiii ana aieaa /aoei i?iyaeyeenue /a?ac athaeaeaoioth
nenoaio ii ia?a ia?anoaiey iauaai yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena.
i?aaeoaeuenoaa iaae aai aeioiaeaie a eaaeaeue aeaiiue aiae.
Yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, eioi?ui oa?aeoa?ecoaony naaiaeiyoiaa ninoiyiea
?inneeneie yeiiiieee, aeaoi?ie?oao nenoaio iaeiaia, athaeaeaoia. A nayce
n ?aaeueiie neooaoeeae, neiaeeaoaeny a yeiiiieea ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue,
ana ?annoaeaeaiey e i?aaeeiaeaiey i oi?ioea athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa,
iioeiaeueiie iaeiaiaie nenoaia e iiauoaiee aa noeioee?othuae ?iee
iaecaaaeii aoaeoo iineoue e iinyo aano?aeoiue, oiic?eoaeueiue,
aanii/aaiiue oa?aeoa?.
Nieaeaiea aaeaiany/iuo oaiiia eioeyoeee ia oiia nie?auaiey iauaiia AAI e
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, oooaeoaiey oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoee oieueei onoaoaeei neooaoeeth, iineieueeo no?oeoo?a
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu ?innee, aaea iniiaioth ?ieue ea?aao IAeN,
i?eaioe?iaaia a iniiaiii ia iiiieiaiea athaeaeaoa ca n/ao eioeyoeeiiiuo
aeioiaeia. Eiaiii ii yoiio athaeaeaoiue e?ecen ia niaiae ii a?aiaie n
ia/aeii e?ecena iaieaoaaeae, a i?iyaeeny eeoue a oneiaeyo nie?auaiey
oaiiia ?inoa eioeyoeee. E?iia oiai, iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca nie?aoeeanue
ia oieueei ca n/ao ?aceiai naeaoey iannu i?eauee, ii e ca n/ao
oiaiueoaiey eioeyoeeiiiiai ?inoa oeai.
E?eoe/aneia ninoiyiea aeioiaeiie aacu athaeaeaoa onoaoaeeinue e oai, /oi
no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia, caoeene?iaaiiay a Caeiia i athaeaeaoa ia 1996 aiae,
auea ?acei ia?aeioaia a ia?aii iieoaiaeee, iineieueeo a ?acoeueoaoa
?yaea ?aoaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa a ia?eiae i?aaeauai?iie eiiiaiee, iinyueo
yaii iieeoe/aneee e eiiuthieoo?iue oa?aeoa?, auea ia?ooaia
naaeaine?iaaiiinoue yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee.
Iaeia ia i?eaueue 2,471,440,590,670,881,131,301,291,17Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia
0,20,230,200,200,170,120,120,100,09Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue,
niaoeiaeia e aeoeecu 5,816,744,214,575,446,306,646,285,98Iaeiae ia
aiaoithth oi?aiaeth e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea iia?aoeee
1,461,010,550,710,830,860,880,930,93I?i/ea iaeiae, nai?u e ieaoaaee
0,340,280,150,370,220,230,250,140,22Eoiai iaeiaia e ieaoaaeae
10,289,705,706,527,548,649,198,748,39Iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu
3,42,801,591,911,351,571,541,551,29Anaai aeioiaeu
13,6812,507,298,439,2210,2010,7310,299,46?anoiaeu
Ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea
0,270,240,170,180,210,210,240,240,27Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay aeayoaeueiinoue
1,31,180,360,340,600,690,690,730,53Iaoeeiiaeueiay iai?iia e
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue
4,034,102,923,374,464,694,914,284,25Ooiaeaiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey
0,290,290,050,110,230,280,310,310,35Oneoae ia?iaeiiio oicyenoao
2,181,840,860,891,431,531,621,471,96Nioeeaeueiua oneoae
1,121,220,521,702,192,282,362,382,15Ianeoaeeaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai
aeieaa 1,51,511,241,321,941,851,911,741,77I?i/ea ?anoiaeu
2,791,942,881,191,661,552,042,211,90Eoiai ?anoiaeia
15,2414,378,429,1012,7213,0914,0813,3613,17Nnoaeu ca au/aoii iiaaoaiee
1,371,040,600,940,350,800,191,030,88?anoiaeu e nnoaeu ca au/aoii
iiaaoaiee 16,6115,339,0210,0413,0713,8914,2814,3914,04Aeaoeoeeo
athaeaeaoa 2,942,831,731,613,843,693,554,104,59Iauaa oeiaine?iaaiea, a
oii /enea 2,942,831,731,613,843,693,554,104,59aioo?aiiaa oeiaine?iaaiea
1,411,361,200,381,951,841,661,482,35aiaoiaa oeiaine?iaaiea
1,531,470,521,231,891,851,892,622,24Ni?aai/ii: AAI (o?ei. ?oa.)
16592256201401605812101912261454*I?aaeaa?eoaeueiua aeaiiua
Ii ninoiyieth ia 1 ethey iieiaeaiea n athaeaeaoii inoaaony ii-i?aaeiaio
ia ooaoathuei. Athaeaeao iiaeii n/eoaoue eniieiaiiui eeoue n o/aoii
naeaano?a, oiaaea eae ii ioiioaieth e ia?aiia/aeueiiio ieaio eniieiaiea
iaoiaeeony ia o?iaia 50-60%.
Iniiaiui enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoa inoaaony aiaoiaa
oeiaine?iaaiea a aeaea caeiia iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee,
i?aaeoaeuenoa e /anoiiai naeoi?a.
Eae aeaeii ec oaaeeoeu 2, niaeanii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui aeioiaeu
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?iaeieaeeee naia iaaeaiea a ethea. I?e yoii
i?iecioei ia?aeeaeueiia oaaee/aiea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa,
i?ioeiaine?iaaiiia, a iniiaiii, ca n/ao yiennee oeaiiuo aoiaa ia
aioo?aiiai ?uiea.
Eniieiaiea eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeaii a Oaaeeoea 3.
A ia/aea 1996 aiaea athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aioea a
ino?oth oaco e?ecena. I?iecioei iaaeaiea e oae ieceiai iioieea
iinooieaiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaeiaia n 21,0% AAI ia eiiaoe 1995 aiaea
aei 16,6% a yiaa?a - oaa?aea 1996 aiaea11 Eieia A., Ethaeioeaa TH.
Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci: i?iaeaiu e ia?niaeoeau // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. -
?11. - n.8 . Aianoi iaauaiiie oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee athaeaeaoiay
nenoaia aua aieaa ineaaea, iaaeathaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey i?eiyee aua aieaa
ino?oth eiioeeeoioth oi?io.
Iaeiaiaua aeioiaeu eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e na?aaeeia 1996 aiaea
niiaa aeinoeaaee 19% AAI22 Oai aea. n. 8.. A oi aea a?aiy iio?aaiinoe
oeaio?aeecaoeee ?ano?nia aeey iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo ioaeae, nioeeaeueiie
noa?a a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa o?aaotho nouanoaaiii aieaa aunieie aeiee
oeaio?aeecaoeee oeiainiauo n?aaenoa.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio o?iaaiue oeaio?aeecaoeee ?ano?nia a athaeaeaoiie
nenoaia ?innee ieaea, /ai a ssiiiee, i?eia?ii a 1,58 ?aca, NOA - 1,9,
Eaiaaea e Aa?iaiee - a 2,47, O?aioeee e Eoaeee - a 2,9 - 3 ?aca e
o.ae.33 Oai aea. n. 8.
Yoe aeaiiua canoaaeytho caaeoiaoueny i oii, ia eaeie oaoeie iniiaa iaoa
I?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaiaeeo iieeoeeo nie?auaiey athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
iuoaaony aua aieaa nieceoue a?aiy iaeiaia, i?iuay ia?iiiua iaaeieiee a
athaeaeao e no?ieo ioiioaiey athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia. E?ecen
iaieaoaaeae e iieeoeea oeeiiaiey i?aaei?eyoee io oieaou iaeiaia eiatho
naiei ?acoeueoaoii ana aic?anoathuaa oaea?aeeaaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo
athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, athaeaeaoia noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee e ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia a iai?ioao
i?aaei?eyoee, a aeieaao. Ianeieueei ianooaaiu ?acia?u i?in?i/aiiie
caaeieaeaiiinoe (oaaeeoea 3) ii ia/eneaiiui (aac o/aoa nie?uoey
aeioiaeia e au?o/ee) ieaoaaeai ainoaea?noao, aeaeii ec n?aaiaiey n
iauaiaie ?aaeueii aeeoioee?iaaiiuo a athaeaeaoiie nenoaia ?ano?nia e
i?iecaaaeaiiuo ca oio aea ia?eiae 1996 aiaea (oaaeeoea 4). Ana o?iaie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu niiaee aeeoioee?iaaoue a yiaa?a - ai?aea 1996 aiaea
140,5 o?ei. ?oaeae, i?in?i/aiiay caaeieaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee
athaeaeaoai ninoaaeea 70,8 o?ei. ?oaeae i?e aeaoeoeeoa
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa 39,2 o?ei. ?oaeae.
Oaaeeoea 411 Eieia A., Ethaeioeaa TH. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci: i?iaeaiu
e ia?niaeoeau // Yeiiiieno. - 1996. - ?11. - n.8.
cuaathony iaaeiiinooieaiey iaeiaia e ae?oaeo iaycaoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae io
noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, a oaeaea oneeeaathuaany nie?uoea aeioiaeia
noauaeoaie oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eniieiaiey aeioiaeiie /anoe
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a oaeouai aiaeo, iie?athuaainy i?eia?ii ia oa
aea iioeienoe/aneea i?iaiicu yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, /oi e
i?aaenoaaeaiiue athaeaeao ia i?ioeue aiae, aeatho iniiaaiey
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea ioaeaeaaony a na?ueaciie
ia?ai?eaioaoeee. Caaea/a iiaeao auoue ?aoaia oieueei a ?onea
ei??aeoe?iaee iauaai eo?na yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i. Iaeiaei oaeie
eiioeaioeee I?aaeoaeuenoai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ianoiyuaio a?aiaie
ia ?ac?aaioaei. Iaaeaeo oai Caeii I athaeaeaoa, i?eaioe?iaaiiue ia
ia?aaeueiua yeiiiie/aneea i?iaiicu, ia?aeaao oeiainiaoth nenoaio no?aiu
ia oaeoaeaiea athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena, eioi?ue, a naith i/a?aaeue,
noaiiaeony aeiiieieoaeueiui e aeinoaoi/ii aeoeaiui aeanoaaeeece?othuei
oaeoi?ii.
3.3. Iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee e i?iaiicu ia 1998 aiae.
Eiioeaioeey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia aoaeouee aiae aeaiiino?e?oao
aioiaiinoue aeanoae caaeaaia?aiaiii e /anoii aiai?eoue i ?aaeueii
aiciiaeiuo ?anoiaeao e ioaa/aoue ca naie neiaa. Iaeiaei iiea ia iiiyoii,
a eaeie ia?a ?aaeecothony aiaeoeeiciua caeiiiaeaoaeueiua eieoeeaoeau
?aoi?iaoi?neiai eaaeiaoa.
Iinea a?iieiai i?iaaea athaeaeaoa-97 eaaeiao, iaeiiaoe, i?iaicaeanee
aeieaiaeaeaiiia: "iaaei aeeoue ii n?aaenoaai" e, iioiaea, oaa?aei
iaia?ai aiieiuaoue yoio oacen a aeeciue - i?yii ni neaaeothuaai aiaea.
I?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia 1998 aiae iiaeoaa?aeaeaao ?aoeoaeueiue iano?ie
aeanoae. Aia?aua, ii cayaeaieyi aai ?ac?aaio/eeia, ieaie?iaaiea
oeiainiaiai caeiia enoiaeeo ia io iio?aaiinoae, a iniiaaii ia ?aaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoyo ?anoiaeia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, athaeaeao aoaeouaai aiaea
aoaeao ia oieueei ii nooe iiaui, ii e i?aaaeeaui.
Aicueiai ia naay niaeinoue ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi aeaaea, anee n
athaeaeaoa-98 e ia ia/eiaaony iiaue yoai ?inneeneie yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee, oi ii e?aeiae ia?a i?aaeoaeuenoai ?aoi?iaoi?ia, a ioee/ea io
i?aaeoanoaaiieeia, aiieia iniciaiii ia/eiaao iiai?a/eaaoueny io uaae?uo
iaauaiee e eniieiaieth oiai, ia /oi niiniaii. Oae /oi oaia?ue a iniiaa
oi?ie?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia eaaeeo iaeei ec iniiaiuo
i?eioeeiia athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee - ?aaeenoe/iinoue.
Oaaeeoea 511 http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A.
E?aa/aiei. Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii..
Iniiaiua iieacaoaee oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
ia n?aaeian?i/ioth ia?niaeoeao (a % e
AAI)1997*199819992000Aeioiaeu13,012,712,813,0?anoiaeu18,417,317,216,5Aea
oeoeeo5,44,64,43,5Ia?ae/iue aeaoeoeeo0,40,20,0-0,5* - n o/aoii naeaano?a
Ca ioi?aaioth oi/eo "/anoiinoe" athaeaeaoa-98 aa?aony yooaeo, eioi?ue
i?iecaaaeao i?eiyoea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena. ?aaeueiinoue athaeaeaoa-98
caaeneo eiaiii io i?eiyoey Aeoiie Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena a 1997 aiaeo. A
neo/aa, anee eaaeiao ia iaeaeao a iieiie ia?a iiaeaea?aeee aeaiooaoia,
ia/iao ?ooeoueny any eiino?oeoeey athaeaeaoa, i?e/ai, au/eaiaieai ec
eiaeaena ianeieueeeo aaciauo iieiaeaiee e eo n?i/iui i?eiyoeai a
ea/anoaa caeiiia eni?aaeoue iieiaeaiea a?yae ee oaeanony.
AEanoeay oaycea caeiiii?iaeoa n IE iauyniyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: yoi
iaania/eo nieaeaiea iaeiaiaie iaa?ocee ii ieaoaaeai ai ana o?iaie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu aieaa /ai ia 50 o?ei. ?oaeae11
http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A. E?aa/aiei.
Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii.. A neo/aa
i?eiyoey IE oeo/oeony e no?oeoo?a aeioiaeia: aaiaeeony iaeia ia eaieoae,
nieaeathony aeoeecu, ia 10 i?ioeaioia aic?anoaao aeiey iaeiaa ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, ia 60 i?ioeaioia nie?auaaony aeiey iaeiaa ia
i?eaueue22 Oai aea..
A aio ?anoiaeu iiaeaa?aioony cia/eoaeueiie ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee.
I?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey ?anoiaeia oaea auaeaeaiu: iiaaoaiea
athaeaeaoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, aiaiiay ?aoi?ia, cae?aaiio?aiaiea,
eoeueoo?a, eneonnoai, noaeaaiay nenoaia. I?eioeeieaeueiie e, aac
i?aoaaee/aiey neacaoue, no?aoaae/anee aaaeiie i?iaeaiie yaeyaony
oeiaine?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa. Aeaei a oii, /oi a iineaaeiea
aiaeu ?anoiaeu ia aai ianeoaeeaaiea ?anooo aeiaieueii auno?i. Oae,
niaeanii ioeaieai Ieioeia, a 1998 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue aeinoeaiao
15-18 i?ioeaioia iauaia anao athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, a i?e nio?aiaiee
oaeie oaiaeaioeee e 2000 aiaeo - oaea 25 i?ioeaioia11
http://www.solo.ru/buss-in-rus/80/rus/34-36/34-36.htm A. E?aa/aiei.
Athaeaeao-98 aeanoei oaycuaaaony n iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii.. Iianiinoue
ninoieo a oii, /oi anee no?aia oae e aoaeao ia?aeeaaeuaaoue ioaea/o
aeieaia ia neaaeothuea aiaeu, oi i/aiue nei?i ainoaea?noai iii?inoo
noaiao aaie?ioii. Iiyoiio ia oieueei a neaaeothuai aiaeo, ii e a
n?aaeian?i/iie ia?niaeoeaa i?aaeiieaaaaony i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo
iinoaiaiiiai nie?auaiey aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa (niaeanii
i?iaiico, i?e auiieiaiee caieaie?iaaiiuo ia?, yoio iieacaoaeue
oiaiueoeony n 5,5 aei 4,6 i?ioeaioa a 1998 aiaeo e aei 3,5 - a 200022
Oai aea.) e iinoaiaiii oeo/oaoue no?oeoo?o enoi/ieeia aai
oeiaine?iaaiey.
A oeaeii ia noieo caauaaoue, /oi athaeaeao i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
eceiaeaiioth a oeeo?ao i?ia?aiio eaaeiaoa ii ?aoaieth caaea/ a
iieeoe/aneie, yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie noa?ao. A ?ac n?aaeian?i/iay
oeaeue - aeinoeaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, oiaaea noieo ioeaieoue,
ianeieueei i?iaeo athaeaeaoa ia neaaeothuee aiae aeaenoaeoaeueii oiio
iiniinianoaoao.
Caeiaeaiiay a aai eiioeaioeee i?eaioaoeey ia nieaeaiea iauaai o?iaiy
aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa, ianiiiaiii, iicaieeo oiaiueoeoue aeieth o/anoey
ainoaea?noaa ia oeiainiaii ?uiea, a cia/eo iaania/eo aeaeueiaeoaa
iaaeaiea aeioiaeiinoe ii ainoaea?noaaiiui oeaiiui aoiaaai. I?e yoii n?ie
ia?auaiey aoiaa aoaeao oaaee/eaaoueny, e oai naiui iaa?ocea ia athaeaeao
nieceony. Ii ?an/aoai Ieienoa?noaa yeiiiieee, iieeoeea nie?auaiey iauaia
aioo?aiieo caeinoaiaaiee eae ?ac e aoaeao noeioee?iaaoue iooie
aunaiaiaeaeathueony oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a ?aaeueiue naeoi?.
Iaeiaei, eae ooaa?aeaeatho iacaaeneiua yeiiiienou, caeiaeaiiue a
athaeaeao-98 o?iaaiue eioeyoeee a 5 i?ioeaioia - ia?aaeenoe/ai. Yoi,
nei?aa, iaiiieiaao nioeeaeenoe/aneia ieaie?iaaiea "n iioieea". Aieaa
oiai, eae ooaa?aeaeatho a iiiiceoeeiiiuo e?oaao, athaeaeaoiue eo?n
i?aaeoaeuenoaa caaaaeiii i?iaaeai aua e iioiio, /oi ii iie?aaony ia
Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen: i/aaeaeii, /oi ca iaeei aiae oeneaeueiue eeeiao ia
eciaieony, a iioiio aeioiaeiay /anoue ecia/aeueii iaauiieieia. A iioiio
oeo/oaiea yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee aiiaue ieaaeaony oieueei
i?iaeaeeaie?iaaiiui.
I?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua aea /eiiaieee cayaeytho, /oi iae?iyeiiiie/aneea
i?aaeiinueee aeey ?inoa i?iecaiaenoaa oaea noi?ie?iaaeenue e i?aiyonoaee
aeey oiai, /oiau no?aia anooieea a ?aaeei oicyenoaaiiiai iiaeuaia, ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue - oieueei aeaa. Yoi ionoonoaea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena e
aanii?yaei/iia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea eaieoaea. Iaaaaeaiea ii?yaeea ia ?uiea
eaieoaea ii aieueoae /anoe iiaeao ia/aoueny n i?eiyoey ?aaeueiiai
athaeaeaoa-98. Oieueei aio aac iieiioeaiiie iaeiaiaie ?aoi?iu, aeaaea n
iiiiuueth IE, iineaaeiaa naeaeaoue ia oaeanony.
Eae ioia/atho niaoeeaeenou, aeaiiue i?iaeo athaeaeaoa-98 ioee/aaony io
i?aaeuaeoueo naiae ?aaeenoe/iinoueth, e ii naiei oa?aeoa?enoeeai aeecie
e naeaano?e?iaaiiiio (nei??aeoe?iaaiiiio) athaeaeaoo-97. Aeoineea
yenia?ou ioia/atho ?aaeueiinoue aai aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie aacu.
Iaeiaei, ieeaeie yeoi?ee ii yoiio iiaiaeo ieeoi ia eniuouaaao, oae eae
aeaaea naii I?aaeoaeuenoai ia iaeeaeaao a neaaeothuai aiaeo oaaee/aiey
nai?a iaeiaia. E iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aia?aua no?aia i?aaeeaaaaony
athaeaeao yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, athaeaeao aoaeao aeanoeei, iioiio /oi
i?aaeoaeuenoai oioaei naeaeaoue athaeaeao aaniethoii ?aaeueiui.
Athaeaeao i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?ino i?iecaiaenoaa ia iaiaa /ai ia 2
i?ioeaioa, iaeiaei yoi ieieiaeueiay oeeo?a. I?iecieaeao oaeaea
aeaeueiaeoaa nieaeaiea eioeyoeee (aei 5 i?ioeaioia a aiae), ii
n?aaiaieth n i?ioeuie aiaeaie nie?auai iauai aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa.
Aia?aua ieaie?oaony ioeac io iieo/aiey /anoe e?aaeeoia Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
aaethoiiai oiiaea, oae eae oaea iao ioaeaeu a yoeo caeinoaiaaieyo. A
athaeaeaoa auaeaeaii ianeieueei i?ei?eoaoia. Yoi, i?aaeaea anaai,
?aoi?ia a?iee: athaeaeao i?aaeoniao?eaaao nouanoaaiiue ?ino ?anoiaeia ia
iai?iio, i?e/ai, ioaeaeueiie no?ieie i?iienaiu ?anoiaeu ia
oeiaine?iaaiea ?aoi?iu. Ae?oaie i?ei?eoao - cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ?anoiaeu
ia eioi?ia au?anooo i?eia?ii ia 25 i?ioeaioia. Nouanoaaiii iiauneeenue
oaeaea ?anoiaeu ia eoeueoo?o (ia 15 i?ioeaioia), nio?aiea ia i?aaeiai
o?iaia anneaiiaaiey ia nioeeaeueioth noa?o.
Aianoa n oai acaeyae ia athaeaeao ec aeoineeo eaaeiaoia inoi?iaeiaa.
Oa?aeoa?ecoy aianaiiue a Ainaeoio athaeaeao ia 1998 aiae, i?aaenoaaeoaee
athaeaeaoiiai eiieoaoa Aeoiu ioia/atho , /oi aai eniieiaiea ?aaeueii.
Iaeiaei, aai i?ioiaeaeaiea a Ainaeoia aoaeao nouanoaaiii neiaeiaa, /ai a
i?ioeii aiaeo, iineieueeo Aeoia aeieaeia aoaeao niaeaneoueny ni
nieaeaieai iauae noiiu ?anoiaeia ia 100 o?ei. ?oaeae. Aa?iyoiaa anaai,
Ainaeoia ia aica?aoeo aeaiiue aa?eaio athaeaeaoa a I?aaeoaeuenoai,
iineieueeo ana i?aaenoaaeaiiua e iaio nii?iaiaeeoaeueiua aeieoiaiou
niioaaonoaotho aeaenoaothuaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao.
Ii neaaeoao ioiaoeoue e iaaeinoaoee athaeaeaoa. Oae, iai?eia?, ?aaeueiue
athaeaeao-98, ii-i?aaeiaio, eae e a i?aaeuaeouea aiaeu, no?aaeaao
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiie no?oeoo?ie ?anoiaeia, iniiaiua i?ei?eoaou a
iaeanoe oeiaine?iaaiey ioaeaiu iaoeeiiaeueiie iai?iia (80 o?ei.) e
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie nenoaia (44 o?ei.)11
http://www.akdi.ru/news/otdl/ps.htm Ia?eaiaioneay inaiue-98:
athaeaeaoiua iaeeaeaiey
. A athaeaeaoa-98 ii n?aaiaieth n athaeaeaoii-97 nie?auaiu ?anoiaeu ia
naeueneia oicyenoai (n 16 aei 6,6 o?ei.), i?iiuoeaiiinoue,
no?ieoaeuenoai, o?ainii?o e yia?aaoeeo (n 43 aei 24 o?ei.)22 Oai aea..
E oioy nie?auaiea ?anoiaeia ia iiaeaea?aeeo io?aneae ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa (naeueneiai oicyenoaa e i?iiuoeaiiinoe) yaeyaony ii?aaaeaiiie
ia?ie n o/aoii ?aaeueii aeaenoaothuaai iaeiyooaeoeaiiai iaoaiecia
eniieueciaaiey yoeo n?aaenoa, iaeiaei aunaiaiaeaeaaiua i?e yoii
athaeaeaoiua n?aaenoaa iai?aaeythony i?aeiouanoaaiii ia oeiaine?iaaiea
neeiauo aaaeiinoa, a ia ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu. Oae, aeiey ?anoiaeia
ia iaoeeiiaeueioth iai?iio a iaueo ?anoiaeao athaeaeaoa oaaee/aia n 16,2
i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa-97 aei 16,9 i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa-98, a aeiey
?anoiaeia ia i?aaiio?aieoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue aic?anoaao n 8,2
i?ioeaioia a 1997 aiaeo aei 9,3 i?ioeaioia a athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea11
http://www.akdi.ru/news/otdl/ps.htm Ia?eaiaioneay inaiue-98:
athaeaeaoiua iaeeaeaiey. Ianiio?y ia oaaee/aiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea (aei 8,4 o?ei.?oa. ii n?aaiaieth n
iaeeaeaaiie ioeaieie eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa-97 aiaeo - 7,7 o?ei.?oa.) e
ia eoeueoo?o e eneonnoai (aei 3,1 o?ei.?oa. i?ioea 2,4 o?ei. ?oa.),
I?aaeoaeuenoai ia auaeaeeei i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey, ia eioi?ua aoaeoo
?anoiaeiaaoueny yoe n?aaenoaa22 Oai aea.. Aianoa n oai, e yoi
iieiaeeoaeueiue iiiaio, eae ioia/atho aeoineea yenia?ou, a ioee/ea io
athaeaeaoa-97, oaeanoi/ai ii?yaeie aica?aoa athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, e
ainoaea?noaaiiua aeaiueae ia eiaanoeoeee iaainoaea?noaaiiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi aoaeoo auaeaeyoueny oieueei i?e oneiaee iieo/aiey
yeaeaaeaioa a aeaea aeoeee yoeo i?aaei?eyoee. ?acia? aeaoeoeeoa
nieaeaaony ii n?aaiaieth n iaeeaeaaiui eniieiaieai a 1997 aiaeo e
inoaaony i?eia?ii ia o?iaia ieaia 1997 aiaea - 4,8 i?ioeaioa io AAI33
Oai aea..
Caeeth/aiea
Iiaeaiaey eoia neacaiiiio, iiaeii ii?aaeaeaiii naeaeaoue auaiae i
e?ecena athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, i?iaiaeeiie a ?innee ia o?iaia eae
oaaea?aeueiie aeanoe, oae e noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. I?e/ai iniiaiie
i?iaeaiie eae ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee, oae e athaeaeaoiie
iieeoeee ae?oaeo no?ai yaeyaony aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa.
Iniiaiua i?iaeaiu oaeiau:
n ia/eiay n 1990 aiaea ninoiyiea oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia/aei
e?eoe/anee oooaeoaoueny , aeaoeoeeo ?inneeneiai oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa aei neo ii? eiaao iinoiyiioth oaiaeaioeeth e ?inoo;
n yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, eioi?ui oa?aeoa?ecoaony naaiaeiyoiaa ninoiyiea
?inneeneie yeiiiieee, aeaoi?ie?oao nenoaio iaeiaia, a cia/eo e nenoaio
athaeaeaoia, iiyoiio naaiaeiyoiea oaiaeaioeee a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeiainia oa?aeoa?ecothony ia?anoaieai athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena;
n ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia naycaia,
a iniiaiii, n iaaeaieai iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e aai yooaeoeaiinoe,
oaaee/aieai ?anoiaeia ia nioeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu e n ?anoe?aieai
?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo eueaio, a oaeaea n ianiaa?oainoaii iaeiaiaie
nenoaiu, iicaieythuae iaeiaiieaoaeueueeai ecuneeaaoue eacaeee aeey
oeeiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia.
Неправильная кодировка в тексте? В работе не достает каких либо картинок? Документ отформатирован некорректно? Вы можете скачать правильно отформатированную работу Скачать реферат