Ii aa?iainy e iaoaio i?aaeiaia?aiiiio aaie?ionoao. Nio?oaeieee ioaeaea
ii yeiiiie/aneei i?anooieaieyi OAAe Oeaio?aeueiiai ie?oaa Iineau
i?aaeioa?aoeee aaie?ionoai CAI "Niaoe?aino?ie-4", eioi?ia caieiaeinue
naioaoie/aneeie ?aaioaie ii caeaco ?acee/iuo noiee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee. A
oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey oeo?ioiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa yoiai aeaea auynieeinue,
/oi eiiia?/aneee aee?aeoi? CAI oiuoeaiii nicaeae neooaoeeth, a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?ie i?aaei?eyoea ieacaeinue iaieaoaaeaniiniaiui.
"Niaoe?aino?ie" caaeieaeae a athaeaeao aac iaeiai 480 ieeeeiiia noa?uo
?oaeae. A ia n/aoo i?aaei?eyoey a Iinai?naa?aaiea inoaaaeinue anaai 18
ouny/ iiauie. Aeey oiai, /oiau th?. eeoei noaei aaie?ioii ii caeiio (oi
anoue /oiau aai "i?inoeee" iaeiaiaua neoaeau), iaiaoiaeeia auea noiia
aaeaia iaiueoay. Noaei auoue, iaaei auei eeoiea aeaiueae ni n/aoa
oiueiooue. *oiau ia iiaenoaaeyoueny ee/ii, oaaaeaaiue eiiia?/aneee
aee?aeoi? ?aoee i?iecaanoe a oe?ia eaae?iaua ia?anoaiiaee.
Naeaeae ii yoi iaeiei ?in/a?eii ia?a, iiaeienaa i?eeac i iacia/aiee ia
iinou aaiaee?aeoi?a e aai caia oae iacuaaaiuo "ceoei?aaenaaeaoaeae".
I?e/ai ia o?aaiaaeinue aeaaea niaeaney iiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ia yoo
ioaaonoaaiioth ?aaioo. Aaia?aeueiue aee?aeoi?, eae onoaiiaeee
iia?aoeaieee, aeaaii oaea ioauaaao iaeacaiea a ianoao ia noieue
ioaeaeaiiuo e ie niii, ie aeooii ia aaaeae i oii, /oi aai iacia/eee ia
ioaaonoaaiioth aeieaeiinoue. Aai caianoeoaeue eiaaea-oi eiae
iainoi?iaeiinoue iioa?youe ianii?o, ii ni naiei eieeaaie ii eiiia?/aneie
/anoe ciaeii aiana ia aue. Aeaiiua iiauo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae CAI auee aianaiu
a aaieianeoth ea?oi/eo, auee i?eaeoiaiu e eo aieaoiua eaaaiaeu. Ana yoe
"aeieoiaiou" caoai auee caaa?aiu o iioa?eona e iiiaee a aaie aeey
aianaiey eciaiaiee a a?aoo i ?oeiaiaenoaa. A oio iiiaio, eiaaea "io
eiaie e ii ii?o/aieth" ieoe/aneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa iioaiiee nieiae eceeoee
ni n/aoa, aai caaea?aeaee.
Aua iaeei i?eia? aeaea ii aeaiiie noaouea i?eaiaeeony a aacaoa
Eiiia?naiou Daily? io 20.02.98. Nio?oaeieee ioaeaea ii ai?ueaa n
yeiiiie/aneeie i?anooieaieyie OAAe *aeyaeineie iaeanoe aicaoaeeee
oaieiaiia aeaei a ioiioaiee ?yaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae *aeyaeineiai
o?aeoi?iiai caaiaea (*OC). Ei aiaiyaony 196-y noaouey OE ?O. A eaa?oe?ao
/eaiia aee?aeoeee i?aaei?eyoey i?iecaaaeaiu iaunee. E?iia oiai,
neaaeiaaoaee ecuyee ia caaiaea aeieoiaioaoeeth, eioi?ay iiaeao eiaoue
ioiioaiea e oaieiaiiio aeaeo. Naie caaiae/aia aini?eiyee aeoeeth
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia eae iiiuoeo aeanoae iaeanoe ioiinoeoue
eieeaeoeao i?aaei?eyoey ca ioeac ia?aeoe iiae eiio?ieue /aeyaeineie
aaeieieno?aoeee. Oanoue iia?aoeaii-neaaenoaaiiuo a?oii iinaoeee eaa?oe?u
?oeiaiaeeoaeae *OC aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a Aaneeey Ee/aaeaee, ia?aiai
caianoeoaey Aeeoi?a Aaneeueaaa, caianoeoaeae Aaaaiey Eeueeia, Aaea?ey
Eociaoeiaa, Na?aay Naieeaoaaa, i?aaenaaeaoaey eiieoaoa ii oi?aaeaieth
nianoaaiiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey Eai?y Aaeaoiaa e ?oeiaiaeeoaey neoaea
nauoa Na?aay Aieeeia. Ai anao eaa?oe?ao (n naieoeee i?ieo?i?a ai?iaea
Aeaenay Aeaauaeiaa) neaaeiaaoaee e iia?aoeaieee i?iaaee iaunee.
Ia naiii *OC n/eoatho, /oi oaieiaiia aeaei noaei i/a?aaeiui oaaii, a
i?ioeaiai?noaa iaeanoiuo aeanoae e ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey. ?U" oaea
niiauae, /oi aiai/a?aaeiia nia?aiea aeoeeiia?ia *aeyaeineiai
o?aeoi?iiai caaiaea (IAI *OC) i?eiyei ?aoaiea i aeia?iaieueiie
eeeaeaeaoeee i?aaei?eyoey iooai aai ?ai?aaiecaoeee a CAI *OC-oieaeeia.
Oaeei ia?acii, *OC ia oi?iaeueii caeiiiuo iniiaaieyo ia?aoae
aiciiaeiinoue ia ieaoeoue ii aeieaai. Iaeiaei a?aeo?aaeiue noae i?eiye
?aoaiea aeayoaeueiinoue eeeaeaeaoeeiiiie eiiennee i?einoaiiaeoue,
iineieueeo ii ?inneeneiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao aeia?iaieueiay eeeaeaeaoeey
i?aaei?eyoey aiciiaeia eeoue n niaeaney anao aai e?aaeeoi?ia, eioi?uo o
i?aaei?eyoey aieaa o?ao ouny/. Oaeiaiai niaeaney iie ia aeaaaee.
I/a?aaeiia canaaeaiea a?aeo?aaeiiai noaea iaia/aii ia 25 oaa?aey.
Aaaeouee yoi aeaei noaeuey TH?ee Eociaoeia ia eneeth/aao, /oi a
?acoeueoaoa noaeaaiuo neooaiee ia *OC aoaeao aaaaeaii eiieo?niia
oi?aaeaiea. A eiy oi?aaeythuaai aeieaeai iacaaoue niaao e?aaeeoi?ia.
Eociaoeia oaeaea ioiaoee, /oi oi?aaeythuee ii iiaiio ?inneeneiio Caeiio
i aaie?ionoaa eiaao i?aai a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea iio?aaiaaoue aica?auaiey
eiouanoaa, ia?aaeaiiiai a oieaeeia.
Eioa?anii, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai iaeanoe iaiaeiie?aoii cayaeyei i aeaeaiee
iieo/eoue a oi?aaeaiea e?oiiue iaeao aeoeee i?aaei?eyoey. ?oeiaiaeeoaee
*OC io yoiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iaeciaiii ioeacuaaeenue. A 16 oaa?aey a
Iineaa auei iiaeienaii aaia?aeueiia niaeaoaiea i acaeiiaeaenoaee iaaeaeo
CAI *OC-oieaeeia e AI Iaae?aaeiiaac, aei/a?iei i?aaei?eyoeai ?AI
Aaci?ii. ?aiaa iiaeiaiia niaeaoaiea auei iiaeienaii iaaeaeo IAI *OC e
Iaae?aaeiiaacii. Iaeiia?aiaiii noi?iiu iiaeienaee e e?aaeeoiue aeiaiai?,
ii eioi?iio Aaci?ii i?aaeinoaaeo caaiaeo (a aeaea e?aaeeoia) 630 iei
?oa., /oi iicaieeo *OC ?aoeoue iiiaeanoai naieo aeieaiauo i?iaeai. Ii
neiaai nio?oaeieeia aaeieieno?aoeee *OC ?oeiaiaeeoaee iaeanoe iuoaeenue
iiiaoaoue caeeth/aieth yoiai niaeaoaiey. A eiaaea yoiai naeaeaoue ia
oaeaeinue, iie e iiiuoaeenue ?aoeoue /enoi yeiiiie/aneoth i?iaeaio
neeiauie n?aaenoaaie.
Ia iaiaa eioa?aniua naaaeaiey i?eaiaeyony a Eiiia?naioa io 22.11.97.
I?ieo?i? Caaiaeneiai ?aeiia Iiaieociaoeea Aeaaeeie? *aeaaiia aicaoaeee
oaieiaiia aeaei i?ioea auaoaai a?aeo?aaeiiai oi?aaeythuaai AeI
Caiaaeii-Neae?neee iaoaeeo?ae/aneee eiiaeiao (Cainea) Aiae?ay Ai?iieia.
Aai iiaeic?aaatho a ceioiio?aaeaiee iieiiii/eyie, /oi iaianei
i?aaei?eyoeth cia/eoaeueiue oua?a. Ai?ueao ca Cainea aaaeoo aeaa
aaieianeea a?oiiu Aeueoa e Eocaanni?iiaaie. A i?ioeii aiaeo
Eocaanni?iiaaie auea?ae a a?aeo?aaeiii noaea i?ioeann i aaie?ionoaa
eiiaeiaoa. A ?acoeueoaoa eaoii yoiai aiaea a?aeo?aaeiui oi?aaeythuei
Caineaa aue iacia/ai i?aaenoaaeoaeue yoiai aaiea Aiae?ae Ai?iiei. Ii
?oeiaiaeee eiiaeiaoii ii iaaeieai. ?aoaiea noaea auei ii?ioanoiaaii, e a
naioya?a oi?aaeythuei iacia/eee Ai?ena Eaaaea, i?aaenoaaeythuaai Aeueoo.
I?eiya aeaea, Eaaae oaea /a?ac ianyoe iaienae cayaeaiea a i?ieo?aoo?o, a
eioi?ii iaaeiee naiaai i?aaeoanoaaiieea a iioaiie/anoaa e iaoiaeii
oi?aaeaiee eiiaeiaoii, /oi iaianei Caineao iiiaiieeeea?aeiue oua?a.
Ai?iiei, iai?eia?, ni?aae ieaiu ii oaaee/aieth iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa
i?ieaoa. Caaeieaeaiiinoue eiiaeiaoa ca o?e ianyoea aai ?oeiaiaenoaa
oaaee/eeanue ia 212ie?ae ?oaeae. Eae ooaa?aeaeae Eaaae, Ai?iiei
aeaenoaiaae eneeth/eoaeueii a eioa?anao naiaai aaiea. I?ieo?aoo?a
?anniao?eaaea cayaeaiea Eaaaea iieoi?a ianyoea e ianeieueei ?ac
i?enueaea ia eiiaeiao eiiennee (a iniiaiii ninoiyaoea ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae
Caineaa). Eae cayaeee i?aaenoaaeoaee i?ieo?aoo?u, aieueoeinoai
eceiaeaiiuo Eaaaeii oaeoia iiaeoaa?aeeeinue. I?ioea Ai?iieia auei
aicaoaeaeaii oaieiaiia aeaei ii o?ai noaoueyi OE: 195-e (iai?aaiia?iua
aeaenoaey i?e aaie?ionoaa), 196-e (i?aaeiaia?aiiia aaie?ionoai) e 202-e
(ceioiio?aaeaiea iieiiii/eyie). Aiae?ae Ai?iiei iciaeiieeny n cayaeaieai
Eaaaea a i?ieo?aoo?o e n eoiaiaui aeoii i?iaa?ee. Ii neacae, /oi
eceiaeaiiua a yoeo aeieoiaioao naaaeaiey ia niioaaonoaotho
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea, ii iiaieth Ai?iieia,
i?aneaaeoao iaeio oeaeue iono?aieoue Eocaanni?iiaaie io ai?ueau ca
Cainea. Auaoee a?aeo?aaeiue oi?aaeythuee oaa?ai /oi anee aeaei aeieaeao
aei noaea, ii niiaeao aeieacaoue iieiia ionoonoaea ceiai oiunea
aeaenoaeyo.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi ?inneeneeo a?aaeaeai noaeyo ca i?aaeiaia?aiiia
aaie?ionoai ia oieueei ia ?iaeeia, ii e ca ?oaaaeii.
Ai?iaeneie noae I?aae i?eaiai?ee e iyoe aiaeai oth?aiiiai caeeth/aiey
?inneeneiai a?aaeaeaieia Aeeia Ea?iiaa, aaiaee?aeoi?a
oeiainiai-no?ieoaeueiie eiiiaiee Futurum Aurum. Noae i?eciae Ea?iiaa
aeiiaiui a iai?aaeeueiii oi?aaeaiee aeoeaaie eiiiaiee: aai oe?ia eeioea
naieo aeeaae/eeia ia 350 oun. e?ii (ieiei $130 oun.) O?iaeaiaoe
Aeaaanoaia Aeei Ea?iia i?eaoae a I?aao o?e aiaea iacaae.
I?aaei?eieiaoaeue niye iiiauaiey iiae ioen a iaeiii ec noa?uo ?aeiiia
ai?iaea, ia Iaean-o?aineie ieiuaaee, iinea /aai i?iaae a ianoiuo NIE
?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth, i?ecuaay /aoia aeeaaeuaaoue aeaiueae iiae
i?ioeaiou a aai oe?io Futurum Aurum. Nia/aea aeeaae/eee aeaenoaeoaeueii
iieo/aee aunieea aeioiaeu, ii /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy ana auieaou auee
i?ae?auaiu, a Ea?iia iauyaee naith oe?io aaie?ioii. Aeeaae/eee iiaeaee
ia iaai a noae e ia?aoeeenue a iieeoeeth. ?aoea, /oi Ea?iia i?enaiee
aeaiueae, iieeoeaeneea i?aaeuyaeee aio iaaeiaiea a iioaiie/anoaa e
i?aaeiaia?aiiii aaie?ionoaa. Ii a?anoiauaaoue ia noaee, ia?aie/eaoenue
iiaeieneie i iaauacaea. Ea?iia io neaaenoaey ia ne?uaaeny, noa?aoaeueii
yaeyynue ii eaaeaeie iiaanoea ia aeii?in. ?anneaaeoy yoi aeaei, /aoneay
iieeoeey i?eoea e auaiaeo, /oi Ea?iia aue i?e/anoai e no?ieoaeuenoao
oeiainiauo ie?aieae e a ?innee. A /anoiinoe, iie naycuaatho aai n
ia/aeueii ciaiaieoie o ian oe?iie Aa?ian-oeiain, eioi?ay a na?aaeeia
90-o aiaeia eeioea aeeaae/eeia ia 55 ie?ae noa?uo ?oaeae, a aa
o/?aaeeoaee naaaeaee. Ea?iia aea yeiau aue i?aaenoaaeoaeai Aa?iana a
*aoee. Ii a noaea yoe oaeou iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey ia iaoee. Caoi inia?eaaoue
nai oaeo iioaiie/anoaa auei aanniuneaiii. A naiai iineaaeiai neiaa
iiaenoaeeiue Ea?iia ecaeieeny ia?aae /aoneeie aeeaae/eeaie, iacaaa naay
?onneei /oaeiaeuai, e iieiinoueth i?eciae naith aeio. Ii /aoneei
caeiiai, ca i?aaeiaia?aiiia aaie?ionoai iieaaaaony io 5 aei 12 eao
oth?aiiiai caeeth/aiey. I?ieo?i? o?aaiaae aeaoue Ea?iiao iaeneiaeueiue
n?ie. No?iai iaeacaa iioaiieea, iu iieaaeai ae?oaei ?onneei, /oi ia
niae?aainy n ieie eeaa?aeueie/aoue, neacae ii. Ii noaeuey ?aoee
ia?aie/eoueny iyoueth aiaeaie oth?ueiu. Aeaeeii, ia iaai i?iecaaei
aia/aoeaiea /enoina?aea/iia ?aneayiea aoa?enoa. Ioaua iaeacaiea, Ea?iia
aoaeao aeaii?oe?iaai a ?inneth.
Ec yoeo i?eia?ia iiaeii naeaeaoue aanueia iaooaoeoaeueiua auaiaeu. Ii
iaeioi?ui i?iaiicai i?aae. aaie?ionoai aieaeao a a?oiio ye. i?anooieaiee
neo/ae eioi?uo ni a?aiaiai aoaeoo noaaeeueii oaaee/eaaoueny. I?e
i?iaiice?iaaiee o?iaiy yeiiiie/aneie i?anooiiinoe aei 2000 aiaea
neaaeoao auaeaeeoue o?e a?oiiu yeiiiie/aneeo i?anooieaiee. Ia?aoth
ninoaaeytho aeaeu i?anooieaiee, eioi?ua aeaaeoo noaaeeueiue e iaeaunoee
eo ?ino a i?iaiice?oaiii ia?eiaea. A iaa aieaeoo, i?aaeaea anaai, 15-17
aeaeia yeiiiie/aneeo i?anooieaiee (eaeai?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, iieo/aiea
e?aaeeoa iooai iaiaia, iaeiaiaua i?anooieaiey, ceinoiia ia?ooaiea
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa, ia?aie/aiea eiieo?aioeee, aini?aiyonoaiaaiea
caeiiiie i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ceioiio?aaeaiea i?e
auionea oeaiiuo aoiaa, i?aaeiaia?aiiia aaie?ionoai e ae?.), aaeaaiaeiue
i?e?ino eioi?uo iiaeao eieaaaoueny a i?aaeaeao 100-200%. Aoi?oth a?oiio
ia?acotho 17-20 ninoaaia yeiiiie/aneeo i?anooieaiee, eioi?ua aoaeoo
i?iyaeyoue oaiaeaioeeth eiioeueneaiiai ?inoa. A yoo a?oiio aeeth/athony
oaeea aeaeu, eae i?enaiaiea aaa?aiiiai eiouanoaa, auiiaaoaeuenoai,
iioeuaiea i?aaeiaoia, eiathueo iniaoth oeaiiinoue, aini?aiyonoaiaaiea
caeiiiie i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, oeeiiaiea io oieaou
oaiiaeaiiuo ieaoaaeae, iai?aaiia?iua aeaenoaey i?e aaie?ionoaa,
i?aaeiaia?aiiia e oeeoeaiia aaie?ionoai, eaaaeecaoeey i?anooiii iaaeeouo
aeioiaeia, iaiai iio?aaeoaeae, i?aauoaiea i?aaiii/ee neoaeaueo /anoiuo
io?aiiuo e aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea. I?e?ino yoeo aeaeia i?anooieaiee aoaeao
iaoiaeeoueny a i?aaeaeao 10-15%. O?aoueth a?oiio ninoaaeytho 12-15
ninoaaia i?anooieaiee, iaia?oaeeaathuea oaiaeaioeeth e nie?auaieth. E
iei neaaeoao ioianoe e?aaee, oiuoeaiiia e iainoi?iaeiia oie/oiaeaiea e
iia?aaeaeaiea eiouanoaa, naiiaieueiia eniieueciaaiea yia?aee,
i?eia?aoaiea eee nauo caaaaeiii iioeuaiiiai eiouanoaa, iiaeeoi
o/anoieeia e i?aaiecaoi?ia i?ioanneiiaeueiuo nii?oeaiuo ni?aaiiaaiee e
c?aeeuiuo eiiia?/aneeo eiieo?nia, ceioiio?aaeaiea iieiiii/eyie,
iieo/aiea iacaeiiiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey, iaaeia?iniaanoiia ioiioaiea e
iaycaiiinoyi e ae?oaea. O?iaaiue eo iauaai aaeaaiaeiiai nie?auaiey
iiaeao eieaaaoueny a i?aaeaeao 5-10% e e 2000 aiaeo aeinoeaiooue 30-40%.
Iaeiaei ia oiia onoie/eaie oaiaeaioeee ?inoa auyaeyaiinoe yeiiiie/aneeo
i?anooieaiee ii ia?aui aeaoi a?oiiai i?iaiice?oaiia nieaeaiea ii
o?aoueae a?oiia ia ieaaeao nouanoaaiiiai aeeyiey a oeaeii ia eoiaiaue
iieacaoaeue a i?aaeaeao 380-420 ouny/ aaeaaiaeii auyaeyaiuo
i?anooieaiee. E oiio aea iauee eiee/anoaaiiue ?ino yeiiiie/aneeo
i?anooieaiee aoaeao nii?iaiaeaeaoueny iiauoaieai eo iauanoaaiiie
iianiinoe ca n/ao aieaa i?aaieciaaiiuo e eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo oi?i
niaa?oaiey, ?anoe?aiey ianooaaia ei??oiie?iaaiiinoe e aeaeueiaeoaai
n?aueaaiey n iauaoaieiaiie i?anooiiinoueth.
