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Глобальная сеть INTERNET



Internet
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Internet . Internet
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Internet, ,
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Internet

, Internet
[1]. , " "
, .
RPANET, 1969
. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN)
(ARPA) .
ARPANET ,
.
, ( )
.
ARPANET
.
, ,
,
. ARPANET
, .


. - ,
.
,
, .
-
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.

Internet TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). IP ,
TCP .
1974 . (Robert Kahn),
ARPANET, -
(Vinton C. Cerf). Society - CNRI.
, TCP/IP ,
. Internet ,
. -
(OSI).
(ISO) OSI
. , ,
Internet . , BITNET - ,
,
, , Internet.

Internet ;
,
.
.
Internet
.
,
.

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- .

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45 /. T1 1,544 /,
T3 - 45 /.

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,
.

. 22
500 ,
.
.
- VSAT.

Internet
FTP Telnet.

-
, .
, FTP(File Transmission Protocol).
, ,
" FTP",

,
.

( Telnet)

. Telnet
.
, -
. ,
, .

Internet

Internet,
. "The Matrix: Computer Networks and
Conferencing Systems Worldwide" (Digital Press, 1990)
(John S.Quarterman) Internet ",
, TCP/IP,

".

, Internet
, .
ANSnet (Advanced Network & Services
Network), NSFNET
ANS CO+RE. Commercial Internet..

.
, , ,
.
EBONE, IP-,
NORDUnet, EUROPANet EUnet,
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Internet

, Internet, ,
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"". Internet ""
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Internet

- Internet ,
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: 2,500 Internet ,
, .

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.

:
.

: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/InternetInd ex/

:



Yahoo!

: Internet-,
, , , , ,
, WWW-, email-(
).

: : (URLs)
Internet- .

: Yahoo ,
, Usenet Email-.
.
Boolean (, ) .
: Yahoo! ,
Alta Vista,
,
Yahoo!.

Yahoo! Alta Vista,
Yahoo!
. ,
.

, , tip search(TS) -
: Yahoo! ,
, , ,

( ,
) .

:

.

: http://www.yahoo.com/

:



. ,
,
, ,
. , ,
. ,
,
, .
Internet ,

.
: - .
( , ,
- ), ,
,
.
, .

, Alta
Vista, .

Alta Vista

: WWW- Usenet
News().

: 31 WWW-( 1997 .)
14,000 newsgroups .

: (simple (S)) (much more advanced
(MMS)),.. , . S -
, MMS -
.
(Simple Search Help). MMS - (boolean),
.. , (and, or, not - (, , ))
(near - ())
, ,
.

TS - : : " "
, WWW -
" ".

: (
):

1) ""("Standard") -
, , URL - ,
.
,

2) ""("Compact")
,

3) ""("Detailed"),
"".

: http://altavista.digital.com

: WWW-.

Excite

: WWW- , , , "yellow pages"
(" "), ,
, , , Email ,
.

: 50 WWW-
Usenet .

: S - ,
MMS - .

TS - : (+) ,
, (-) ,
.
oolean-.

"AND", "OR" and "AND NOT"(, )
. : (digital or
virtual or electronic) AND library.

( ) .

: ,
, URL - , ,
, "More Like This"(" "),
.

: http://www.excite.com/

: - WWW-.

Hot Bot

: WWW-.

: 54 WWW-( 1996 .).

: S - (Expert ())- ,
boolean- ( ), , " "" URL ".
- , ( ..)

TS - : (, "
").

: ,
, URL, .

: http://www.hotbot.com/

: WWW- ("Slurp").

Infoseek

: WWW-, ,
, , ("yellow pages"), email ,
..

: : 50 URL-. (
1996 .)

: S - ,
(
),
( "-")
( " + ").
, .
Infoseek-(Infoseek Help).

: , , URL,
, , .

: http://www.infoseek.com/

: WWW-.

: .
http://info.infoseek.com/.

Lycos

: WWW-, , ,
"top 5% sites"

: 70 URL- ( 1997.).

: S - ( Custom () ) . -
boolean- AND OR ( ),
.

: ;
(URL), , ,
.

: http://www.lycos.com/

: WWW-.



Internet
World Wide Web (WWW),
. , ,
(CERN).
, .

WWW ,
(web-).
, ,
, , ..
.

WWW HTTP (Hyper Text Transmission
Protocol), ,
Internet (browser).

: Navigator
Netscape Internet Explorer Microsoft.

,
.
Netscape Microsoft
.
URL (Uniform Resurce Locator) - :

http://www.microsoft.com - Microsoft

http://www.netscape.com - Netscape.

, Netscape
Navigator 3.0 Internet Explorer 3.0 ). ,

"hardware",
.

Explorer 3.0 (
Microsoft) ActiveX - ,

200 . . . ActiveX
, ,
, .

ActivX-
. Netscape
"COBRA", UNIX-.
Ncompass ActivX-.

HTML-,
Explorer template-,
web-. Explorer
, . Internet Explorer
: HTML, HTTP, CSS1
, PICS, POP3, SMTP, Java. Explorer

.

Netscape, ,
( 56 ) . Microsoft
:
((ActiveX, RealAudio ActiveMovie) Netscape
plug-ins, .


, [2]:

web-,
Java-, Microsoft , Navigator
30 ,
:

"...the Java engine in Internet Explorer 3.0 blows Navigator out of the
water." - c|net (: ,, Internet Explorer 3.0 Navigator
).

" , , Microsoft- Java

(Just In Time (JIT))
Netscape-..." - PC Magazine.

"Internet Explorer Navigator Java-,
PC Magazine. Internet Explorer
11 ." - PC Week

c|net Tests:

http://www.cnet.com/Content/Reviews/Compare/Betabrowse/javass.html. PC
Magazine Tests:

http://www.pcmag.com/IU/bcentral/reviews/rv-ie3_6.html.

Pendragon Tests:

http://www.webfayre.com/battle.html.

PC Week Tests:

http://www.pcweek.com/reviews/0819/20mnav.html.

Internet Explorer 128 bit ,
SSL (Secure Socket Layer), PCT (Private Communication
Technology), SSL, Microsoft
Authenticode™. Microsoft, Authenticode™
. PCT
SSL2, SSL3.

Internet Explorer -
ActiveMovie ,
"" web- - (.WAV,
.AU, .AIFF, MIDI, .WAV, QuickTime, MPEG).

HTML email- Explorer-
, .

Internet Explorer :
Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, Macintosh
UNIX. 3.0: Windows 95 Windows NT 2.1. 3.0
Macintosh, UNIX Windows 3.1 .

Netscape Navigatora ,
MS Internet Explrera,
. , ,
Explorer- [3]:



Netscape Navigator 3,2 Microsoft Explorer 3,0







3,539 Mb 5,285 Mb



Java Java

Java JIT Java JIT



JavaScript JavaScript

LiveConnect VB Script

Plug-in

LiveAudio&LiveVideo ActiveX

Mail&News Internet Mail&News(979Kb)



3,539 Mb 6,264 Mb





Mail&

Mail&News News(6,264 Mb)

CoolTalk NetMeeting

Live3D (2.020Mb)

VRML(1956)Mb

Active Movie(634Kb)



5,773 Mb 10,874 Mb



1. 44 Explorer.

2. 39 . Netscape Navigator
16 . Navigator Gold
WYSING HTML ,
web-. Navigator 3,0
CoolTalk,
Internrt .
.

Navigator-, :
.

: Windows 95; Windows NT 5.51, 4.0; Windows 3.1, 3.11; Mac/OS
(68 K); Mac/OS (Power PC); Dec Alpha (OSF/1, 2.0, 3.2); Hewlett-Packard
(HP-UX 9.03, 9.05, 10); IBM RS/6000 (AIX 3.25); Silicon Grafics (IRIX
5.2, 5.3); Sun Spark (Solaris 2.3, 2.4, 2.5); Sun Spark (SunOS 4.1.3);
BSDI Unix; SCO Unix; Caldera Lenux; Sony MIPS- Unix; Nec
MIPS- Unix.

( web-)
Netscape :

( )









Netscape Microsoft (%)

Navigator 3,0 Explorer

3,0







5 b:



home.netscape.com/newsref/std/one/index.html 1,6 1,9 18 %

5 Kb:



home.netscape.com/comprod/one/white_paper.html 11,3 12,8 14 %

():



www.nytimes.com 1,8 2,3 27 %

www.sgi.com 2,9 4,5 53 %

www.disney.com 1,6 3,1 90 %

www.apple.com 2,1 3,6 60 %

www.citicorp.com 2,2 3,5 47 %

www.ibm.com 2,7 4,0 49 %

www.symantec.com 2,5 3,7 65 %

www.walmart.com 1,8 3,0 65 %

www.whitehouse.gov 4,2 3,0 45 %





:

39 %



Navigator 3,0
, VRML (Virtyal Reality Modeling Language)-
- . ,
, web-
. ,
3D-.
: AIFF, AU, MIDI WAV
,
.
(AVI) " ".

Navigator 3,0
,
QuickTtime-(.MOV)
, , , .
, , "" .

2,0, Navigator 3,0 HTML ,
- , ,
.

JavaScript- GIF JPEG "
" plug-ins ,
.
Navigator 3,0 Java- : Windows
95,Windows NT, Macintosh, UNIX, IBM AIX BSDI.
Java-
Latin-1, , Latin-2
- , ,
.

Netscape Navigator 128- .
RC4-128, Navigator RC2, DES, Triple DES,
. DES Triple DES
56- 168- .

Netscape Navigator
Netscape Administration Kit ( )
.

.

Navigator (LiveConnect),
: Navigator plug-ins,
Java JavaScript.
web-, Java-
JavaScript .

: ,
,
.

,,
,,C [4]:

Netscape ,
- Netscape .
Internet Explorer Microsoft
. Explorer
Navigator ,
,
.

Netscape Microsoft HTML,
World Wide Web.
.

. ,
, - ,
CyberManagement. ,
Microsoft, Netscape ,
,
. Netscape Communicator
, Navigator
4.0. Communicator ,
. Microsoft,
, Internet Explorer 4.0 Windows.

Microsoft Netscape .
( ),
.
, , , ,
.
. Netscape
, Microsoft ,
.
Web,
Web-,
. , ,
Internet, .
HTML , ,
, .



,
- Internet-.
. ,

, .


, .
. WWW HTML (Hyper Text
Makeup Language) ,,.htm ASCII-.

- ( MultiEditor, Norton Editor,
Word,
, ,,.doc),
, . , ,
,, ,
.

-,
:

http://www.ucsa.uiuc.edu/~mag/work/HTMLEditors

,,shareware
.
,
.
, DOS :

ftp://193.25.152.10

,, HTML-,
,,.htm ,,.asc c
.
.

.

,
, ,
,, ,,Ctrl+A, ,
Word- . HTML-
.

,
, .

, , (
Netscape Navigator 2.0):
,,
.
, .
,,.gif.
,
, ,
(,,.gif)
. .

:
,, web-;
HTML-,

.

,
.

Internet
,,ftp. C
FTP (File Transmission Protocol).
IP- [5].

IP- - ,
Internet. IP-

( 255 ),
. 192.33.33.22 - IP-,
138.40.11.1.

; , ,
, ,
. ,
: .
, ,
liberty.uc.wlu.edu ( ).
,
, ,
. , ,
, IP-
.

(Domain Name Server - DNS),
, ,
IP-. IP-
, .
,
: com - , . .
; edu -
. wisc.edu, ,
. ; gov -
; mil -
; net - , ; org -
, ,
. , Internet Society
isoc.org. .com, .edu, .gov .mil
,
. -
.de, - .ch, - .it,
- .us.
,
@ ( at).

.
, quake.think.com, ,
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,
.
: -,
/,
; -,
DNS
.

,
ftp,
, .

ftp UNIX,
.

ftp, ,
UNIX .
, , ,
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,,anonymous, e-mail - ,
. ,
UNIX
.

, ftp
: ASCCI- (binary) , ,
[6]:



ASCII

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ASCII



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PostScript ( * *

( GIF, JPEG, MPEG)

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Internet ,

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.

,,
,
-http://xxx.lanl.gov.

,
PostScript ( ,,.PS, ,,.EPS )
,
,
,
GhostView.

, Internet
,,
.



1. // Internet.-.--
BHV.-1995.-.33.

2. How the browsers compare//http://www.microsoft.com

3. Netscape Navigator 3.0 Review Guide//http://www.netscape.com

/comprod/products/navigator/version_3.0/review.html.

/ie/press/NSCPrev.html.

4. .// .-.-1997.-1.-.31.

5. // Internet.-.--
BHV.-1995.-.50.

6. // Internet.-.--
BHV.-1995.-.100.



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