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Компьютерные сети и телекоммуникации

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1999

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2 2 4

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UDP (User Datagram Protokol)
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UDP, TCP
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Telnet

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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protokol
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SoftPRO Group.

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UUCP - ,
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, aliases
.

, aliases:

nemeth: evi

evi: evi@mailhub

authors: evi,garth,scott,trent

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evi . ,
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evi, garth, scott trent.
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evi@mailhub.

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"Standard for the Format
of ARPA Internet Text messages", - Request for Comment
RFC822, .

:



Received: by avg386.kiae.su; Thu, 20 Dec 90 13:51:59 MSK

Received: by jumbo.kiae.su; Thu, 20 Dec 90 12:52:17 MSK

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Received: by jacobs.CS.ORST.EDU (5.54/1.14) id AA02240; Wed, 19 Dec 90
23:19:35 MST

Date: Wed, 19 Dec 90 23:19:35 MST

From: Harry Brooks

Message-Id: <9012200619.AA02240@jacobs.CS.ORST.EDU>

To: avg@kiae.su

Subject: Re: wondering if you attended?

Status: RO

Hi! Check of communication. If the message has passed normally came
confirmation.

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Received: ( ).
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Date: ;
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From: < >.

Message-Id: ;
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To:

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Status: ; ,
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(Received: Date:), (To:, Subject:).
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Internet
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. , Quick Link II Fax
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TIFF, IMG GEM Artline Ventura
Pablisher, BMP Microsoft Windows, CUT Dr.Halo PCX Paintbrush.

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TCP/IP.

.
Windows 95 98 . -

Windows. MS Outlook Express.
.

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Eudora.

Eudora Internet
.
SLIP,
,
Unix.

Eudora, Eudora Lite,
Web http: //www. eudora. com.
Eudora Message.

, Message>New Message (
Ctrl+N Windows Command+N Macintosh).
, ,
Tab , , ,
.

, Send,
. (
Queue). , (
) ,
,
.

Eudora, File | Check Mail
Ctrl+M ( Command+M). Eudora POP (POP Post
Office Protocol, )
.

()
Inbox. ,
Enter .

, Message |
Reply (Ctrl+R) .
, , ,
.

,
, Ctrl+R, Ctrl+Shift+R (
Message | Reply,
Shift ).

, Delete
Trash,
,
Trash. , - ,
( Special Empty
Trash).

,
Mailbox | Trash,
. ,
Transfer, Inbox.

, , ,
Eudora
.
Eudora, File | Exit ( Macintosh File |Quit).

Microsoft Exchange, Internet Mail Outlook Express.

Windows 95, MS Mail
MS Exchange,
( , Exchange,
, , Internet).
Office 97 Microsoft ,
Outlook.
Outlook, Outlook Express,
Internet Explorer 4.0
Microsoft. Outlook Express,
.
Outlook , ,
, .

Internet Mail (
Microsoft Internet News Internet Explorer
3 0) Microsoft,
Internet. Internet Explorer 4 0
Outlook Express.
Microsoft Web- Microsoft,
Internet Explorer http://www.microsoft.corn/ie
http://www.microsoft.com/ie_intl/ru

Outlook Express , Internet,
MSN
,

, , -
Inbox. (
Inbox (),
, ,
).

Outlook Express , Compose>New Mail
Message (>) (Ctrl+N),
. , Tab

Send ().

,

Compose>Reply (>0 ) (Ctrl+R).
Outlook Express

.
.

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. , , ,
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Message> Reply, Shift
).

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(), Deleted items
() ,
(
,
).

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,
Edit>Move To (> )
, Inbox
() .

, ,
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. Outlook Express
File>Exit (>).

NETCOMplete

NETCOMplete ( NetCruiser) Netcom
Windows, Macintosh.
,
"" , Eudora, Internet Mail Pegasus.

, Compose (
E-Mail>Compose), .
Tab,
, Tab .
.

E-Mail . (
Inbox) .
.

, Reply.
Delete ( Trashcan).
NETCOMplete .
NETCOMplete, File>Exit.

Netscape Messenger

Netscape
Netscape Messenger, Netscape
Mail.

Netscape Messenger, File>Compose
Message ( Ctrl+M Compose).
, Tab
Tab,
, Send.

Netscape ,
,
Netscape, Window>Inbox. (
, Netscape
).

Web-, ,
. ,
,
Web- .

,
.
Reply (Re Mail), Ctrl+R ( Command+R Macintosh)
Message> Reply >To Sender. ,
Delete, Netscape Trash
,
, , Trash,
Message>File
Message>lnbox.

, Netscape .
, File>Exit ( Macintosh
File>Quit).

Pegasus Mail

Pegasus ,
Internet.

Pegasus Web-
http://www.cuslm. ca/pegasus/.

Pegasus , File>New Message
( Ctrl+N), , Tab
. Tab ,

.

, Send.
, ,
,
File>Send
all Queued Mail.

, File> Read New
Mail ( Ctrl+W),
New mail ( ,
Main Mail , New mail
).

, File>Check
Host for New Mail, ,
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Delete
Pegasus, File>Exit.

4.

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2 .

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.

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IP-.

.

WWW.

FTP.

Usenet.

.

Internet 1990- .
,
.
, Internet.

Internet.

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. Internet ,
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Internet
. Internet
.
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Internet (Internet Architecture Board IAB)
.
Internet
. Internet
Internet,
.

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Internet ,
Internet (Internet Service Provider).
() Internet,
Internet Internet.

.

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Internet
. ,
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Internet - .
Web-,

Web-.

(Online Services).
, Internet,
.
CompuServe America Online.
Internet.
Internet.

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(dial-up access)
; , ,
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ISDN
, ISDN-.
ISDN-
ISDN-.

Web-, ,

(leased line).
Internet.

.
, .
56 / 45 /.
1,5 /.


, frame relay .

. Frame relay
,
.
frame relay 1,5 /.

frame relay,
,
(Permanent Virtual Circuit PVC), no
. ,
, PVC , , PVC
.
frame relay ,
. ,
.
( , ),
frame relay .

, .

TCP/IP

5 Application level

4 Transport level

3 Internet level

2 Network interface

1 Hardware level



TCP/IP
Internet. TCP
,
.
TCP/IP- ,
.

hardware


network interface ( )
, ,
. ,
TCP/IP,
, " " ,
.

.
,
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internet () IP.
( )
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IP - -


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,
TCP/IP.

IP ,
,
(),
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transport () . TCP UDP
. TCP, ,
. , ,
, "" ,
,
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. . , ()

, (datagram).

application () ,
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(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP),
(Telnet)

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. ,
Internet.
( 1500 )
,
. .
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,
. IP ,
. TCP/IP

. TCP/IP
Internet. ( )
,
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.

TCP/IP ,
. ,

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,
.
TCP IP.

IP .
.
IP -,
(, Internet
Point-to-Point (-) ),
.

Internet,
IP- Internet.
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IP , ,
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IP-.

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.
Internet Internet ,
IP. IP-
1 254, .
IP-: 10.18.49.102. IP-
0 255,
. 255
IP. 0
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102 10.18.49.102.
10.18.49.0 , 0.0.0.102
.

IP-
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IP- Internet.
,
IP-.
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, IP-.

, IP- ,
Internet.

1993 Internet
(Internet Network Information Center InterNIC),
(Domain Name System DNS).


IP-. ,
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comsys.ntu-kpi, IP 10.18.49.102.

IP-,
msys.
, ,
- Internet.
.
, .
,
, , .
, comsys.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua .u ,
. ,
,
, , . ,
.u - , .fr , a .nl .

, ,
, IP-.
, .ntu-kpi
, comsys
.


.
IP-. -
Internet-, .
IP- . ,
, ,
Internet-.
, .
,
(root name server), ,
IP-,
, .corn.
( ,
) InterNIC. IP-
, , .
.
IP- -
.
,
.

, .

, www ,
World Wide Web ( Web),
Internet-.

World Wide Web,
,
(HyperText Markup Language HTML),
,
HTML. Web-
(HTTP), , HTML
. ,

Web- Web-. Internet
Web-.

.

.

Internet .

Web-,
,
.
Internet.

Netscape Navigator,
Netscape Communications, Internet Explorer
Microsoft. Internet (
).
Internet, HTTP, FTP, ,
, , Telnet Gopher.

Navigator ,
Java,
(), .
Java-, ,
Netscape ,
Microsoft.

,
IP-,
.

, Internet
,
http://meta.kharkiv.net/. ,
(HTTP).

(Universal Resource Locator URL).
IP- - ,
, ,
.

,
,


. HTML ,
, Web- .
Web- , , , ,

Web- .

.

.

World Wide Web .

WWW (World Wide Web )
, , . ,

(, , ,
..),
. WWW
,
Internet , ,
,
, ( Internet)
Internet, ,
Internet
. WWW ,
WWW Internet.
, WWW
, :
ftp, gopher, Usenet, ..
,
Internet, WWW
.

, WWW.

L (hypertext markup language), .
, WWW
. ,
.
(browser). HTML
html ( htm ,
MS-DOS Windows).

HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol, ).
, WWW.

URL (uniform resource locator, ).
Internet.
.

file //host/directory/filename ;

ftp://user.password@host.port/directory/filename FTP-;

gopher//host:port/gopher-path Gopber- ;

http://host.port/directory/filename7searchpart WWW;

mailto.user@host Internet;

telnet://user password@host.port/ TELNET-

FTP .

FTP ,
, TCP/IP:
,
,
FTP . ,

. - FTP:
FTP [ IP_address | hostName]

FTP
.

"Type" ("ascii")
("image").

"Dir." "Ls"


"CD" .

"Get remote_file_name local_file_name"
.

"Put local_Jite_name remote_flle_name"
.

"Close" FTP .

"Open" FTP.

"Quit" .

FTP ,
, anonymous
.
, ,
anonymous ftp . FTP -
, Internet,
,
anonymous
ftp.

Usenet.

,
,
, , ,
. .
,
Usenet.

Usenet
, ,
Usenet Internet.
.
Usenet,
,
.
,
Internet.

,
, .
, ,

,
.
, ,
.
.


.
:

alt ; ;

comp , ;

misk , ;

news ;

;

sci ;

soc ;

talk : , , ,
..

Usenet ()
" ".
, , - (..
), , , ..
, .

, ,
, ,
Usenet .


, , ,
.

,
,
, .

, ,
comp.sys.sun.sun.admin. ,
m, , .

m sys,
. , sun
Sun Microsystems, a admin ,
. ,
conip.sys.sun.sun.admin
Sun Microsystems.

Usenet,
, HELP.
:

LIST Usenet:

SUBSCRIBE -. :

UNSUBSCMBE -. .



(mail-list) ,

.

,
,
.
, , u-llln@jet.msk.su ( ,

UNIX),
.

.

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