Локальные вычислительные сети на базе IBM PC AT совместимых ПЭВМ
.
130
80 % -
Internet, FidoNet, FREEnet ..
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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).
OSI (Open System
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(. ISO International
Standards Organization).
ISO
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(. ISO)
OSI (. Open Systems
Interconnection) 1984 .
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(. Media Access Control ) LLC (.
Logical Link Control ). MAC
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MAC
. LLC
(.
Service Access Points ),
LLC
OSI.
3. (. network).
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. CNLS,
CONS, IP IPX.
4. (. transport).
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OSI, TCP SPX.
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thernet-.
Ethernet-
50 . Ethernet (. thick)
(. yellow cable). 15
.
.
10 /.
500 ., Ethernet 3000 .
Ethernet-, ,
.
heapernt.
, Ethernet Cheapernet-
(RG58) , , (. thin) Ethernet.
50- 10
/. Cheapernet
. Cheapernet
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(Ж50). .
(Tconnectors).
300 , 0,5 ,
Cheapernet 1000 . Cheapernet
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100 /, 200
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Token Ring
IBM.
(. UPT
SPT) . 4 /
16/.
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/ (. Data/mmand Frame);
(. Token);
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ArcNet.
ArcNet (. Attached Resource Computer Network) , ,
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Datapoint 1977 . ArcNet
SMC (. Standard Microsystems Corporation),
ArcNet. ,
(RG62) 93
. 2,5 /,
ArcNetplus
20 /. ArcNet
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(. Token Bus).
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ArcNet ISU
(. Information Symbol Unit ),
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(. Alert Burst),
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ArcNet 5 :
ITT (. Information to Transmit) .
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FBE (. Free Buffer Enquiries)
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(. ACKnowledgments) .
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NAK (.Negative AcKnowledgments) .
( FBE)
.
ArcNet : .
Ethernet
Ethernet
Xerox Corporation.
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) Intel Corporation. 1982
Ethernet 2.0. Ethernet
IEEE IEEE 802.3.
.
.
Ethernet :
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(
);
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.
Ethernet Token Ring ArcNet
RG58 RG62
RG59
50
50 , 2 100 200 UTP, 150 TP
RG59: 75
RG62: 93
185 45 200 (
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:
WW: 120
AA: 606
PW PA: 30
AA: 0,3
0,5 2,5
5 33 MAU
30
: 72 ,
260
.
(. Network Operation System NOS)
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: OS/2, Windows NT Windows 95.
(OLE, ActiveX, ODBC
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NOS
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directory/name service).
NOS
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(. Bindery).
NetWare 28 NetWare 3.XX.
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Directory Name Services DNS) . :
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NetWare 3.XX 4.XX (Novell Inc.), Windows N Server
3.51 4.00 (Microsoft Corp.) LAN Server (I r.).
,
.
NetWare 3.XX, Novell Inc.
:
NOS;
;
.
.
: 386 .
: 9 .
( ) : 4 4 .
( ) : 640 .
: Novell Inc.
: IPX/S.
: .
: 250.
: 4 .
: .
UPS: .
TTS: .
: bindery .
: ,
, SFT II,SFT III, ,
bindery .
: .
(Block suballocations): .
: DOS, Windows 3.XX, (.), S/2 (.),
UNIX (.), Windows NT, Windows 95.
NetWare 4.XX, Novell Inc.
:
(.
NetWare Directory Services NDS)
1000. NDS
, .
;
;
Pentium, , PCI,
PC Card ( PCMCIA).
(pool),
, -
, (
NetWare 3.XX), .
,
.
(. Data Storage
Management) ,
:
(. Block
Suballocation). 64 ,
65 , 2
64 . 6
. NetWare 4.XX
64 512
. 512 ,
.
(. File Compression).
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.
.
(. Data Migration).
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.
(.
PacketBurst Migration).
.
.
512 , :
20%. NetWare 4.XX LIP
(. Large Internet Packet)
, 512
.
.
. :
,
.
DOS, Windows OS/2-.
.
: 386 .
: 12 60 .
: 8 - 4.
: 640 .
: Novell Inc.
: IPX/SPX.
: .
: 1000.
: 4 .
: -2.
UPS: .
TTS: .
: NDS.
: ,
, SFT II,SFT III, ,
NDS.
: .
(. Block Suballocation): .
: DOS, Windows, v5.XX, S/2, UNIX (.),
Windows NT, Windows 95.
LAN Server, I r.
:
;
( SNA).
.
OS/2, (. nondedicated).
,
.
LAN Server: Entry Advanced. Advanced
Entry (.
High Performance File System HPFS).
(. Fail Tolerances) (. Local
Security).
.
.
.
. OS/2
,
.
, OS/2. LAN
Server DOS, OS/2
Windows (. Remote Interface Procedure Load RIPL).
:
NOS;
.
.
: 386 .
: 4.6 (.
requestor)/7.2 .
: 1.3 16 .
: 4.2 OS/2, 640 DOS.
: OS/2 2.XX. .
: NetBIOS, /I.
: .
: 1016.
: 2 .
: .
UPS: .
TTS: .
: .
: ,
, ,
.
: .
(Block suballocation): .
: DOS, Windows 3.XX, (.), OS/2, UNIX,
Windows NT (.), Windows 95.
VINES 5.52, Banyan System Inc.
:
;
StreetTalk
, ,
.
NetWare 3.XX VINES
,
(. enterprise network). UNIX.
StreetTalk, NetWare Directory Services.
, . StreetTalk
, .
.29 DOS
.25 ISDN.
VINES .
VINES.
.
: 386 .
: 80 .
: 8 256 .
: 640 .
: UNIX.
: VINES IP, AFP, NetBIOS, /IP, IPX/SPX.
: SMP (. Symmetric MultiProcessing).
: .
; 2 .
: .
UPS: .
TTS: .
: StreetTalk.
: StreetTalk
.
: .
(Block suballocation): .
: DOS, Windows, (.), S/2, UNIX (.),
Windows NT (.).
Windows NT Server 4.0, Microsoft Corp.
:
;
- ;
RISC;
;
Macintosh.
,
.
Windows NT 4.0 Windows 95,
1 2 .
, Windows NT
RISC, PowerPC, DEC Alpha AXP
MIPS, ,
.
FAT (. File Allocation Table
, DOS), NTFS (. NT File System
NT, Windows NT), CDFS
( CDROM), Macintosh HPFS (. High
Performance File System ,
OS/2; Windows NT 4.0
HPFS ).
(
, ).
(,
) Remote Access Service (. RAS),
.
Windows NT
NetWare.
.
: 386 , MIPS, R4000, DEC Alpha .
: 90 .
: 16 .
; 12 Windows NT Workstation
4.00/512 DOS.
: Windows NT.
: NetBEUI, /I, I/S Microsoft NWLink, llk,
syncBEUI.
: .
: .
: .
: -2.
UPS: .
TTS: .
: .
: ,
, RAID 5, ,
,
/, 32 ,
(NTFS).
: NTFS,
RAS.
(. Block suballocation): NTFS.
: DOS, Windows 3.XX, , S/2, UNIX, Windows
NT, Windows 95.
.
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Novell NetWare 4.XX
Windows 3.11 for Workgroups,
DOS.
2. .
,
6-
. Novell NetWare 4.XX
.
Windows NT Server 4.00, Microsoft SQL Server
7.00 .
.
,
-
( , )
.
.
Novell
Novell NetWare 4.XX
,
,
(IPX/SPX, TCP/IP NetBEUI)
Ethernet.
.
:
6
FXOHBMUK4GKW5756302;
F/O Patch Cable;
F/O Patch Panel;
RG58;
10BaseT Level 5;
TP Patch Panel;
Tconnector;
.
. RG58
,
. 10BaseT Level 5
,
.
:
CMMR1440 Multi-Media Repeater;
10BaseT UTPC1220 Concentrator 10BaseT
UTPC6100 Concentrator.
-
3 (), 2
IBM PC AT Pentium/150MHz/32M/4G, 3- Pentium
II/200MHz/MMX/96M/8G, Novell
NetWare 4.1 Windows NT Server 4.00 . ,
,
,
.
60 ,
, 40
.
:
NE2000;
NE3200;
SMC8634;
SMC8834;
IEEE 802.2, IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD.
IPX/SPX NetWare, TCP/IP
NetBEUI Windows NT.
NetWare Windows NT
Server
IPX/SPX,
Windows NT Server.
NetWare 4.XX ,
,
Artisoft LANtastic 6.0 , Windows 3.11
for Workgroups Windows 95
.
LANtastic 6.0 ,Windows 3.11 for
Workgroups Windows 95 NetWare Windows
NT,
.
, ,
,
.
, ,
OSI
.
.
,
.
,
(. RAS), ()
Internet,
..
.
.
,
.
.
,
, .
,
. ,
(, , , ..).
,
, Internet,
.
, , ,
,
.
.
. Windows NT Server 4.0. .: , 1997.
.. NetWare 3.12 4.1. / .
.: , 1996.
. , , , . Windows
NT 4.0. BHV, 1997.
. Windows NT Server: . .:
, 1996.
. /. . .:
Channel Trading Ltd., 1997.
. NetWare 3.12 4.1 . : , 1996.
. . .: , 1996.
. Windows NT 4.00: . BHV,
1997.
. 7 Windows NT.
, 1995.
. : TCP/IP.
BHV, 1997.
. Windows NT NTFS./. . .:
Channel Trading Ltd., 1996.
.., .. Novell.
NetWare. .: , 1995.
WW , AA
, PW
, PA
.
.. IBM PC AT
.