.
() 13 . , , . : . . ( , , , ) . - . , ( ) . - .
(, , , ) . . .
. . 80- , , 1973 . . , , , . , , . , . , , , .
- () , , , . 50% , : , , , " ", .
. , ( ) ( ), . , . , , , , British Petroleum, General Motors, IBM, Kodak, Total, Sony . - , . , , , , . 25 , , , ( ) . 100 . . .
. (400 ) . . - , . , , - ().
.
( -) - - . . , - . - . - , , .
1975
3% . . . . .
, 01.01.98 ( ) - 112,5 . . - 215 . .
, - 1998 2 . ( ).
3 . . 3-5 - 3,5 . 6 . 10 . 1,4-2,4 . (0,8-1,6 - 0,6-0,8 . -). - 600 . . ( 01.01.98) - 109,8 ... (1997 .) - 128 ... (1997) -128 ..
1972 , . (Iragi Petroleum Company), British Petroleum, Total, Shell, Exxon, Mobil, Partex. - Petrobras Elf Aquitaine. , , (1927), (1953), (1969), (1971), (1976) (1977).
- (Irag National Oil Company). :
- State Company for Oil Projects (SCOP), - , upstream downstream .
Oil Exploration Company (OEC),
State Organization for Oil Marketing (SOMO) - - ()
- Iragi Oil Tankers Company (IOTC) -
- Northern Oil Company (NOC)
- Southern Oil Company (SOC)
,
( . ): - 20, - 15, - 5, - 4, - 2, - 2, - 2, - 1,5, - 2, - 1,5. ( . ): - 11, - 10, - 10, - 6
( . ): - 140, - 126, - 100, - 27, -27
-, -, -,
( . ): - (0,8-1,6), - (1,65), (1,1-1,4), ( 1,4).
, , . , , . ( , ) , .
() - 1935 - . - . - , - . - 1,65 . ., - 60,8 . . - , - (). - - 24 .
- . - 90 . ( 9% ). 1998 3,6 . . ( 1 1999 ) - 3,359 . . - 1,13 . . - 1,45 . . - , , , , , , , , . 812 . . . - (NIOC - National Iranian Oil Company) , . (NIGC - National Iranian Gas Company) , , . (NPC - National Petrochemical Company). , Petronas, Shell Total. - , , , , --, , . - ( 477 . ), (251 . ), (220,400 ), (213,750 ), (142,500 ), (106,400 ), (38 . ), (28,5 . ), (20 . ). , , , , .
1996 ( ILSA), , , " " (, ) , 40 . . 1997 "" 20 . . , ILSA , . , 1995 , , , . , , Conoco . 550 . . , Conoco Total Petronas. 1997 ( 13059), . ILSA, Total, Petronas ( - 2 . ).
( , ), 1998 , ILSA - . , , (, ) .
. 1998 , , . 1999 () . (NIOC) - . NIOC, 2000 61 - . , 1995 NIOC , (2,5 . ). NIOC 1999 . - - .
20 , (, ). 1998 Bow Valley Energy () Premier Oil 270 . , , 80 . . Bow Valley Energy , , . 1999 Elf Aquitaine ENI. , ( ) 700 . 90 220 . .
British Petroleum/Amoco . Total. Saga Petroleum -. Saga Petroleum NIOC 2,7 . , , . 1998 NIOC - Naftgaran Engineering Services Co. - , - .
( 500 . ) . -1 2, , , . 2000 1 . . , , , 10 . .
- . . 11 . . - 521 . . - . - -. XVI . , 1916 , . 1971 . - . - -, , -. - , . 40% , 20% - , , 10% - . - ( 100% ). - . - , , , , , . 80%. 1998 - $10 .
3,7 . . 650 . . 600 . . 70% , 10% - - . - 57,5 . . . - Qatar General Petroleum Corporation (QGPC) - - . National Oil Distribution Company (NODCO), Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO). Qatar Fertilizer Company (QAFCO) , Qatar Liquefied Gas Company (Qatargas) Ras Laffan LNG Company (Rasgas) (liquefied natural gas - LNG).
- , -, , , -, -, -.
- - . - - -, , -, . -.
"" . 2,2 . (, - 3,7 . ). 1,5 . ( , , -, -, - -). - .
- -. 1997 (, Elf Aquitaine 1991 ). 1998 30 . . production sharing, Elf Aquinaine , 25 . Elf Aquitaine 55% , 45% Agip. - 70-80 . . -, Maersk Qatar. 100 . . 2000 150 . .
1934 , - Anglo-Persian Oil ( British Petroleum) Gulf Oil Corp. 1936 1938 - . , , , - 1946 . 1960 , 60%, 1975 - 100%. 1980 Kuwait Petroleum Corp. (KPC), . 1960 . - 1990 , 100 . , 10 . , . 12 , .
30 , - . 4 , 40 . . 1989 38,6 . , 6 . , - .
800 . , . , , 40 . . , 4 , 4 . . 6,5 . , , 6 .
- - . - 83,6 . .. - (): , , , , -, - -. - . - . . - -. XIX . 2 1971 . - 2,5 . . - -. - , , -. - . - , , , . - ( 90% ). - . - , , , , , , , . - $11,4 . - . $9,3 . (78% ).
- 98 . ( 10% ). . 2,30 . . 2,2 . . - ( 60%) - ( 20%). - 287 .
. - Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), - - , , ( ) .. : - , , , -. - , , - , . - ( ). : , ---2.
: - , , , , , , , , -. - , .
- - . . - 2,15 . .. . - - -. - - -.
- . $24 . (90% ). , , , , .
- 261,5 . ( ). 8 . . - 1,6 . . 70- . (Supreme Petroleum Council), Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco) Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC). : , , , , , , , , , . , , AOC (Arabian Oil Company - ), Mobil, Shell, Texaco.
: , , -, , , . : , IPSA-1, IPSA-2, - NGL. : - ( 300 . ), (325 . ), (190 . ), (140 . ), (42 . ), - - (332 . ), Petromin/Shell - - (292 . ), Arabian Oil Company - -- (30 . ).
77 . 8 . - , 70 . , - - , 19 . .
- , 300 . . Texaco - , , 200 . . Texaco 2010 . 1998 - (Chevron, Mobil, Texaco, Arco, Conoco, Phillips Petroleum). . , .
96,85 .., 10% . 1,5 ... 7,8 . .. 2,35 ./. 1,98 ./. 1998 . 101 .. . 2,5 . /. 2000 . 3 ./. 2005 . 0,14 ./. , .. 50 % , 20% .
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC). 5 : Kuwait Oil Corporation (KOC, , ), Kuwait National Petroleum Company ( . . , ), Petrochemical Industries (PIC) ( ), Kuwait Oil Tankers (KOTC) ( , ) ( ). 1998 . , PIC KOTC.
. . _ , , , . 150 , . - 7 .. , 15 .. , , - , , . , . - , . , . , , 430 ./. 2005 . 1999 . 300 . /.
- - () . -, - . (). - , , . , , , , -. .
- . 1999 . . , _ , . , . .
5 2 . , 2005 . 400 ./ 900 ./, 225 ./ 515 ./; 95 . 250 .; 3 . 30 .; 78 . 110 . /. 270 ./, 90 ./ 210 ./, 100 ./ 250 ./. , , .
-, , , , , , , , , , . , 2-3 , .
940 ./. - 445 ./, 225 ./ 195 ./. 2000 . 1 ./. - 2,2 .. ( ). , . , , , . .
2000 . , 2,5 .. . , , . . . . 1997 . Equate 2 . ., 45% PIC, 10% 45% . 650 ../ , 450 .. , 350 .. -. ; , .
. 1998 . , 41 .., () 5 .. , . 23% , 77%.
. , , . 700 ./, 300 ./, 400 ./. , , , 230 ./. 6,5 . . , 26% . , 300 ./. , . . () 184 ./, 2,6 ..
, , . cmoc . 6,4 .. . 24 ... 2000 . 7%. 1999 . 2,4 .. , -, 11,7 .. 3,9 .. .
. 1999 . , . , 12 . :
(3,9 . /), .
. PDVSA 10- 5,5 ./ 2008 . ( PDVSA 6,2 ./ 2006 .). 4,4%, , 7,3%.
, : 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) . , ; 4) , ; 5) , , , , .
2,5 ./ .
- . , 60%, - .
- . , ( 17 /) 5,8%. , 1999 . 0,5 ./.
_ : . 1997 . 10%; , 0,5 ./; 1997-98 .
/ . . -, . , , . , , 1977-96 . 10 ./ 26 ./, 1 . /. -, ( 1979 . 1996. 40%, 41,12 ./ 41,78 ./).
: , , , . , Middle East Economic Survey, 1980-95 . 350 ..
, ( 40%). .
2005 . 12 ./, 9 ./, 3 ./. 2005 . - .
, / . , 3,5 ./. , 70- ., - - , , 5-6 ./ 6-7 . , Total Elf ERAP, ENF . , , 2,5-3 ./.
, . , 0,5 ./ . , 2010 . 6 ./ 1996 .
, . 4-6 1-2% (0,1-0,2 ./). 3-4 .
, . . . , Chevron 1999 . KOC - (, ), . -. Chevron 5-6 .., 1 . . . . Chevron , , , , . Chevron .
, 90% , (3 .. 1998 .). , , Chevron .
|
|