1848 .
, , , . , , . , , , . , , laisser-faire , , , , ; , , .
, 1822 . (Thomas Joplin). ["The General Principles and Present Practice of Banking in England and Scotland: with Observations on the Justice and Policy of the Immediate Alteration in the Character of the Bank of England, and the Measures to be pursued in order to effect it."] , . , , -- . , , , " , , ." [. J. Horsley Palmer, "Causes and Consequences of the Pressure on the Money Market", 1837.]
, 1826 . , , , (Political Economy Club). (Tooke) , . (Sir Henry Parnell), [. Political Economy Club: Minutes of Proceedings", Vol. VI, February 6th, 1826 (p. 39)] , " - ". . [ , May 4th, 1829 (. 33); January 13th, 1831 (p. 220--221); March 1st 1832 (. 231--232); May 3rd, 1832 (. 39).] , , . -- , . . (G. W. Norman) - (MacCulloch) -- .
, 1827 . ["Observations on Paper Money, Banking and Overtrading, including those pans of the evidence taken before the Committee of the House of Commons which explained the Scotch System of Banking."] 1826 . [Committee of the House of Commons on Scotch Banking] () . , , . , , - [ , . 86--87]. , ; , . , , -- , , . , - , , . , . , , , . , " , - . , , , ." [ , . 88.]
- - ["Historical Sketch of the Bank of England with an Examination of the Question as to the prolongation of the exclusive privileges of that Establishment", 1831] [A Plain Statement of the Power of the Bank of England and the Use it has made of it; with a Refutation of the Objections made to the Scotch System of Banking, and a Reply to the Historical Sketch of the Bank of England", 1832.]. - . , , , . , -- , . , , , , , , . , -, .
, , , , -, , , . , , , .
-, , , , , , . - , . . - . , , , , . , . -, , , , , , . , , , , , , , , . [ , , , .] , , , , , . -, . , , , , , , -. , , . , , , . , , , .
- , - ; , . , - , , . , , . -, , .
- . , , . , - , -- .
-, , , . , , - . [ , . 8--9. ", , , , , , , , , ; , . , , , , , , , , ."] . , , (, 5 ). , , -, . [ , , .]
, -, , , , , , , .
, -, a priori, .
, 1825 ., - , , . -, . , .
, , - - .
. 30- ["Considerations on the Currency and Banking System of the United States", 1831]. , , , , , , . , , . [ , , . , .] , , , . [, .] , . , [ , . 94] . [ (method of loan by overdraft).] , [ , . 95].
, , , , . , , , , , . , , . , , " , ; , , , , , ." [ , . 31.] , , , , . , (generality of acceptability). [" , , -- ." . Gallatin, "Suggestions on the Banks and Currency of the Several United States, etc.", 1841, p. 13.]
, , . . ["Remarks on Currency and Banking", 1833]. , . , , , .
, , " ", [ , . 27 . 42]; , , , [ , . 25--26]. [ , . 58].
, , , , . . (S. J. Loyd) ( (Lord Overstone)). " , " -- , " , . , , , , , , . , . , . , . , ." [ "Further Reflections on the State of the Currency and the Action of the Bank of England", 1837, p. 49.]
, - (currency school) . . , , , , (banking school). , , , . [ , 1840 .], . " , , -- , -- , - , ." " , , . , " ["History of Prices", 1838, Vol. III, p. 206]. , .
, 1837 . , . . -- (Richard Hildreth) . . (H. C. Carey) -- , 1837 . . ["The History of Banks to which is added a Demonstration of the Advantages and Necessity of Free Competition in the Business of Banking", 1837] , , , , . , "The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United States", 1838] , , , , , , , . , , . [ , 1837 . 1814--1816 .] , , , , . , . " , -- , -- , ; , . , , , ." [ , . 89. .] , , , . 80--82].
, , , [ , . 57]. , , . , (Coquelin). , , . , , . , . , , . , , , , , . , . , . , , , . [" , ."] , , , . , , [. 59].
, Pare (Condy Raguet) ["Treatise on Money and Banking", 1839]. Pare , . - , . Pare , , , , , . . , . , Pare , () . , . , Pare, , - . , , , , . , . , , , . , . " , , , , ; , , , , , , , , , , -- ." [ , . 137. .]
["Suggestions on the Banks and Currency of the Several United States in Refererence principally to the Suspension of Specie Payments", 1841]. -- . , . , , , , , , . , , . " " [ , . 69]: " , . -- ." , - 1838 . , . , , [ , . 70], , , , , .
, , . , , , . , , -. .
, , . , (Mountifort Longfield) [ Dublin University Magazine 1840 . ( 1840 .)], . . , [ , , -- ], , -- . , , :
= 40 . .
= 15 . .
10 . , . , , -- , .
, 5 000 5 000 -- . . - .
, 20 . ; . 1:1 3:2 . 6000 , 4000 -- , 6 000 . 3:2.
, , , , 15 . , 9 . -- , , 6 . -- . , , , , , . , .
, . , 20 . . [ , ; , , .]
, :
= 48 . .
= 3 . .
:
== 32 . .
= 7 . .
, , , , . , 15 40, " 40 . 30 . ." " , , , ; , . , , , . , . , , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , ."
, , -: - , -- ; ; , .
. , .
- , , , . , , , , , , . , - The Economist (James Wison), 1845-1847 . . [ , "Capital, Currency and Banking", 1847 .] 1844 . , , . .
, , , [c. III]. , . - , , . " , -- , -- , , , , , , . , ." ["Capital, Currency and Banking", p. 282.]
", -- , -- , , , ? , , , . , , , . - , . - , , - (Macleod) ["Theory and Practice of Banking", 1855].
1847 . . , : , , -- , . (fixed) (floating) . [ ..., : , , , , . , : , , , , , , , , . , ... , , , ... , ." ( , . 127--128).]
- , , , . , .
, , . [ , , " ; , , , , , ." ( , . 18).] (Bonamy Price). , , () . , , , : [ -- , . . IX].
; . .
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