Вопросы лазерной безопасности.
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2
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, 3-81.
. 1.
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1.1.
( 0.4 )
- ( 1.4 ),
( . 1 ).
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1.1.1.
(,
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( 0.4<(<0.7 ) (t<
2(10-5 c 5(10-3 /2;
- ( 1.05<(<1.4 ) 2(10-5<(t<5(10-5
, 5(10-2 /2. 20
20(50 ( 1.4 ) ,
:
18(t0.75 /2; -
, 90(t0.75 /2.
1. :
(1 ;
(2
- ( (>700 )
- ( (<1050 )
( - )
( - )
4=10((-700)/500.
, 10-9
10
,
-
. :
5(106 /2, - 5(107
/2.
( (t>10 )
.
( ),
(). ((=550 )
((>400 ) 100
/2. "" (550<(<700 ),
(T2=100.02((-500)+1 c),
3 (C3=100.015((-550)).
((t>103(104 c)
, 0.01 /2
- (0.4<(<0.55 ) .
(550<(<700 ) =100.015((-500)+2 /2.
(
,
) (t>10 c: 1.05<(<1.4
16 /2; (>700 (- )
(<1050 ( )
3.2(10((-700)/500 /2.
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(t<10
f>1
5 :
(1.1)
(t
10 ( f>1 ), N(t
(1/N)- .
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(t 10 ,
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(t 10 ,
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1.1.2.
(0.2<(<0.4 ) (1.4<(<1000 )
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(1.4<(<3 ) ,
; (3 <(<1 )
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1 ( 7 ),
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( 1 )
: 30 /2 100 /2
(1.4 <(<1 ).
(200<(<320.5 ) , =30 /2,
30000 , 8 .
302.5<(<315 . - (10<(t<30000
c) 2.5 2=10((-295)/5 /2.
(1 <(t<10 c)
(t>T1=10((-295)/5 c; (t
1=5600((t)0.75 /2.
(315<(<400 ) (1
<(t<10 c) , 1=5600((t)0.25
/2, 10 /2 10
1000 ; 1000 ,
, 10 /2.
: ((t<1 ) 100 /2;
( 1 <(t<100 ) 100 /2; (100
<(t<10 ) 5600((t)0.25 /2.
(10 <(t<30000 c) 1 /2.
,
(0.1<(<1 ) ,
11 ( 1 , ).
1.1.3. ( (t
825- ,
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1.1.
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0.2<(<0.4 ( 1 ; 0.4<(<1.4
( 7 ( );
1.4<(<100 ( 1 ; 100 <(<1
( 11 .
, 1.1 ,
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):
- -, 200<(<315 ;
-, 315<(<400 ;
-, 0.4<(<1.4 ;
- -, 1.4<(<1000 .
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2- 3-
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1.1
- - (t,
(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104
200 /2 30
302.5 (-) /2 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
302.5 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1 C1 C1
315 (-) /2 (t(T1 C2 C2 C2 C2
/2 C2 C2 C2
/2 30
315 400 /2 3(1010 10 10
(-) /2 C1 C1 C1 C1 104
400 /2 5(106 10-2
550 /2 5(10-3 5(10-3 C6 C6 100 100
550 700 /2 (t(T2 6 6
/2 (t(T2 3(102 3(102
/2 5(10-3 5(10-3 6 6
/2 5(106 3(10-2
700 /2 54(10-3 54(10-3 46 46 46
1050 (-) /2 54(106 3.24 3.24
1050 /2 5(10-2 5(10-2 5(10-2 56 56
1400 (-) /2 5(107 16 16
1400 /2 100 1 1 1
106 (-) /2 1011 103 103 103
1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;
C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);
C3=100.015((-550);
C4=10((-700)/500;
6=18((t)0.75;
1.1.4.
2. ( ):
1 0.012 ;
2 0.00885 ;
3 0.00025((t)-0.17 ( 1050((<1400 );
5 0.015( ((t)0.21 ( 400((<1400 );
6 0.24 .
.
0.4<(<1.4 ,
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0.01 (
), 1',
0.0003 , (=0.015(0.24 . (
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- (=(((t)
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(>(
1.2. ,
(: )
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(. 2). , ,
(>1.4 ,
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1.2, .
1.2
(t,
(, -
(10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104
200 /2 30
302.5 /2 30 30 30 30 30
302.5 315 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1
/2 (t(T1 C2 C2
/2 C2 C2 C2
/2 30
315 /2 3(1010 10 10
400 /2 C1 C1 104
400 /2 1011 21
550 /2 7 7 2.1(105 2.1(105
550 700 /2 (t(T2 28 28
/2 (t(T2 2.1(1053 2.1(1053
/2 7 7
/2 1011 213
700 /2 47 47 248
1050 /2 4(108 6.44 6.44
1050 /2 57 57 108
1400 /2 5(1011 3.2(104 3.2(104
1400 /2
100 1
106 /2 1011 103 103 103
1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;
C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);
C3=100.015((-550);
C4=10((-700)/500;
7=105((t)0.33;
8=1.9(104((t)0.75;
1.3
(t,
(, -
(10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10 10 103 103 3(104
200 /2 30 30 30 30
302.5 /2 30
302.5 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1
315 /2 (t(T1 C2 C2
/2
/2 3(1010 10-33 10-32
315 /2 1 1 104
400 /2 3(1010 10
400 /2 200 9
1400 /2 2(1011 2000 2000
1400 /2 100 1
106 /2 1011 1000 1000
1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;
C2=100.2((-295);
9=1.1(104((t)0.25;
1.2.
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0.1 . (0.1<(<1 ) -
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2.
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2.1. 1
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1.4 , ,
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2.1 ( ,
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2.1
1
- - (t,
(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104
200 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
302.5 24
302.5 (t(T1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1
315 (t(T1 0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2
0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2
24
315 24 7.9(10-9 7.9(10-9
400 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 7.9(103
400 21(104 10 10 10 3.9(10-3 3.9(10-3
/2 7 7 7 7 2.1(105 2.1(105
550* 200 3.9(10-7
/2 1011 21
550 700* /2 (t(T2 10310 10310
(t(T2 3.93 3.93
/ 2 10-67 10-67 10-67 10-67
/2 2(10-4 10310 10310 2(10-4
200 0.39( 10-6(3
/2 1011 213
700 24(10-7 24(10-7 410 410 410
1050* / 2 47 47 47 47 248
0.24 124 124
/ 2 4(108 6.44 6.44
1050 2(10-6 2(10-6 2(10-6 510 510
1400* / 2 7 7 7 7 7
2(103 6(104 6(104
/ 2 5(1011 3.2(104 3.2(104
1400 80 0.49 0.49 0.49
105 8(104 8(10-4 8(10-4 8(10-4
105 10-2 10-41 10-41 10-41
106 107 0.1 0.1 0.1
1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;
C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);
C3=100.015((-550);
C4=10((-700)/500; * 1.
7=105((t)0.33;
8=1.9(104((t)0.75;
9=1.1(104((t)0.25;
10=7(10-4((t)0.75;
2.2. 2
, (0.4<(<0.7
) . 1 ,
,
( ).
((t<0.25 )
2 1.
, 2
.
2.3. 3
1, 2 4 (
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3 3 3.
2.3.1. 3
.
, -
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3 5 (
2), 25 /2.
5 1 (. 2.2).
2.2
3
- - (t,
(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104
200 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
/2 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
302.5* 0.12
/2 30
302.5 (t(T1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1
315 (t(T1 4C2 4C2 4C2 4C2 4C2
4C2 4C2
/2 (t(T1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1
/2 (t(T1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2
/2 C2 C2
0.12
/2 30
315 1.2(105 4(10-5
400 /2 3(1010 10
4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4(10-4
/2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 104
400 10-6 10-6 510 510
700 /2 5(10-3 5(10-3 6 6
1000 5(10-3 5(10-3 5(10-3
/2 5(106 25** 25** 25**
700 4(10-6 4(10-6 5410 5410 5410 5410
1050 /2 5(10-3( 4 5(10-3( 4 46 46 46 46
103(4 6(10-4( 4
/2 5(1064 3.24
1050 0.01 0.01 0.01 6 6 6
/2 0.05 0.05 0.05 56 56 56
1400 104 3(10-3
/2 5(107 16
1400 400 29 29 29 29
105 /2 100 1 1 1 1
4(105 4(10-3 4(10-3
/2 1011 103 103
105 50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51
106 /2 100 1 1 1 1
5(107 0.5 0.5
/2 1011 103 103
1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;
C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);
C4=10((-700)/500;
6=18((t)0.75; *
9=1.1(104((t)0.25; 3.
10=7(10-4((t)0.75; **
0.25 .
2.3.2. 3
,
( )
.
13
10 .
0.5 ,
100 /2.
3 2.3.
2.3
3
(, (t,
(10-9 10-9 0.25 0.25 3(104
200 302.5 3.8(10-4
3.8(10-5 1.5(10-3
302.5 315 1.25(10-5(2
1.25(104(2 5(10-5(2
315 400 0.125
1.25(108 0.5
400 700* /2 3.14(7 (105
0.5
/2 3.14(1011
700 1050* /2 3.14(4(7 (105
0.5
/2 3.14(1011
1050 1400* /2 15.7(7 (105
0.5
/2 1.57(1012
1400 106 /2 105
0.5
/2 1014
C2=100.2((-295);
C4=10((-700)/500; * 3.
7=105((t)0.33;
2.4. 4
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3. 4
.
2.5.
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(() = ((1) + ((1) + ... = ((1) / ((1) + ((1) /
((2) + ... < 1.
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n (
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(t<10
5; (t>10
T=(t(n
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( (t<10 ),
( (t>10 ).
1 4.
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n>10, 3.
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12.1.040-83.
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3.1.
5804-91
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380(1400 ,
180(380 1400 ,
180(105 (.. ) .
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5804-91
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3.1
3.2. .
5804-91
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W
P , d=1.1 (
I II) d=7 ( II);
H E,
:
H=W/Sa; E=P/Sa (3.1)
Sa .
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(3.2)
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5(10
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I III ( 180<((380 1400<((105
); II (
380<((1400 ).
:
(3.3)
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()
i () .
3.2.1.
(=180(380 ( ,
)
H, E W, .
da=1.1(10-3 .
(3.4)
3.2
(, t, H, (-2;
315(((380 10(t(3(104 H=8(103; E=8(103/t
: 1. W=H(10-6; P=E(10-6.
2. T1=105(100.8((-295), (
.
3. 1.1(10-3 .
.
3.3
3.2.2 380<((1400
3.4
: 1. 1 .
2. = 7(10-3 .
3.2.3 380<((1400
3.7
(,
t, H, (-2;
t>102 E=5(102
: 1. = 1.1(10-3 .
2. W =10-6H; P =10-6E.
3.2.4. 1400<((105
3.8
(,
t, H, (-2;
t>102 E=5(102
: 1. = 1.1(10-3 .
2. W =10-6H; P =10-6E.
3.2.5.
,
( )
, 3.9.
3.9
(, -
(ti)ti>((10-2(H(((3(104)
380<(
**
2 W(t)(8(102(W(t) W(t)(8(102(W(t) P(t)(8(102(P(t)
**
3 W(t)(((104(W(t) *** W(t)(((104(W(t) ***
P(t)(((104(P(t) * ***
4 W(t)>((104(W(t) *** W(t)>((104(W(t) ***
P(t)>((104(P(t) * ***
3.9
(, -
750<(
*
2 W(t)(8(102(W(t) W(t)(8(102(W(t) P(t)(8(102(P(t)
**
3 W(t)(((10-2(H(t) *** W(t)(((10-2(H(t) ***
P(t)(((10-2(E(t) * ***
4 W(t)>((10-2(H(t) *** W(t)>((10-2(H(t) ***
P(t)>((10-2(E(t) * ***
1400<( 1 W(t)(H(t)S Wc(t)(Hc(t)S P(t)(E(t)S *
(105 2 W(t)(((10-2(H(t) W(t)(((10-2(H(t) P(t)(((10-2(E(t)
*
4 W(t)>((10-2(H(t) W(t)>((10-2(H(t) P(t)>((10-2(E(t)
*
*
180<((380 , 750<((1400 1400<((105 10 (
).
**
380<((750 0.25 ( ).
*** .
1.1.3.
2.
2.5.
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.5.
7 . . ,
( ) -
, -
.
(min,
0.03
0.01
0.003
0.001
0.1
(t, c
101
10-1
10-3
10-9
10-5
10-7
5
6
4
3
2
1