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Вопросы лазерной безопасности.

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, 3-81.





. 1.
.


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.

1.1.


( 0.4 )
- ( 1.4 ),
( . 1 ).
, ,
, ,
, (
) .

1.1.1.

(,
. (
)
( 0.4<(<0.7 ) (t<
2(10-5 c 5(10-3 /2;
- ( 1.05<(<1.4 ) 2(10-5<(t<5(10-5
, 5(10-2 /2. 20
20(50 ( 1.4 ) ,
:
18(t0.75 /2; -
, 90(t0.75 /2.

1. :

(1 ;

(2



- ( (>700 )
- ( (<1050 )
( - )
( - )
4=10((-700)/500.


, 10-9
10
,

-
. :
5(106 /2, - 5(107
/2.

( (t>10 )
.
( ),
(). ((=550 )
((>400 ) 100
/2. "" (550<(<700 ),

(T2=100.02((-500)+1 c),
3 (C3=100.015((-550)).

((t>103(104 c)
, 0.01 /2
- (0.4<(<0.55 ) .
(550<(<700 ) =100.015((-500)+2 /2.
(
,
) (t>10 c: 1.05<(<1.4
16 /2; (>700 (- )
(<1050 ( )
3.2(10((-700)/500 /2.


,
.

,
.
(t<10
f>1
5 :

(1.1)

(t
10 ( f>1 ), N(t
(1/N)- .

,
. 10 ,
. :

(t 10 ,
,
()
;

(t 10 ,
,

.

10 , ,
, .

1.1.2.

(0.2<(<0.4 ) (1.4<(<1000 )

: ,
(1.4<(<3 ) ,
; (3 <(<1 )
.
, (- )
,
" ",
.

1 ( 7 ),
.
,
, .

( 1 )
: 30 /2 100 /2
(1.4 <(<1 ).


(200<(<320.5 ) , =30 /2,
30000 , 8 .


302.5<(<315 . - (10<(t<30000
c) 2.5 2=10((-295)/5 /2.
(1 <(t<10 c)
(t>T1=10((-295)/5 c; (t 1=5600((t)0.75 /2.

(315<(<400 ) (1
<(t<10 c) , 1=5600((t)0.25
/2, 10 /2 10
1000 ; 1000 ,
, 10 /2.


: ((t<1 ) 100 /2;
( 1 <(t<100 ) 100 /2; (100
<(t<10 ) 5600((t)0.25 /2.
(10 <(t<30000 c) 1 /2.

,
(0.1<(<1 ) ,
11 ( 1 , ).

1.1.3. ( (t

825- ,
,
( ,
- ) .

1.1.

, , (
)
.
:
0.2<(<0.4 ( 1 ; 0.4<(<1.4
( 7 ( );
1.4<(<100 ( 1 ; 100 <(<1
( 11 .

, 1.1 ,
.
- , ,
,
.
,
( :
):

- -, 200<(<315 ;

-, 315<(<400 ;

-, 0.4<(<1.4 ;

- -, 1.4<(<1000 .

, 2- 4-
.
2- 3-
.

,

. , 825-
,
,
(,
). ,
( ),
, ( )
,
:

(1.2)

, , ,
, ,
, (
)
( ) .

1.1





- - (t,

(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104

200 /2 30

302.5 (-) /2 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

302.5 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1 C1 C1

315 (-) /2 (t(T1 C2 C2 C2 C2

/2 C2 C2 C2

/2 30

315 400 /2 3(1010 10 10

(-) /2 C1 C1 C1 C1 104

400 /2 5(106 10-2

550 /2 5(10-3 5(10-3 C6 C6 100 100

550 700 /2 (t(T2 6 6

/2 (t(T2 3(102 3(102

/2 5(10-3 5(10-3 6 6

/2 5(106 3(10-2

700 /2 54(10-3 54(10-3 46 46 46

1050 (-) /2 54(106 3.24 3.24

1050 /2 5(10-2 5(10-2 5(10-2 56 56

1400 (-) /2 5(107 16 16

1400 /2 100 1 1 1

106 (-) /2 1011 103 103 103

1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;

C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);

C3=100.015((-550);

C4=10((-700)/500;

6=18((t)0.75;

1.1.4.

2. ( ):

1 0.012 ;

2 0.00885 ;

3 0.00025((t)-0.17 ( 1050((<1400 );

5 0.015( ((t)0.21 ( 400((<1400 );

6 0.24 .

.

0.4<(<1.4 ,
. ,

0.01 (
), 1',
0.0003 , (=0.015(0.24 . (
) (
) . 2,
- (=(((t)
.

(>(
1.2. ,
(: )
(
(. 2). , ,
(>1.4 ,
, 1.1, ,
1.2, .

1.2





(t,

(, -

(10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104

200 /2 30

302.5 /2 30 30 30 30 30

302.5 315 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1

/2 (t(T1 C2 C2

/2 C2 C2 C2

/2 30

315 /2 3(1010 10 10

400 /2 C1 C1 104

400 /2 1011 21

550 /2 7 7 2.1(105 2.1(105

550 700 /2 (t(T2 28 28

/2 (t(T2 2.1(1053 2.1(1053

/2 7 7

/2 1011 213

700 /2 47 47 248

1050 /2 4(108 6.44 6.44

1050 /2 57 57 108

1400 /2 5(1011 3.2(104 3.2(104

1400 /2

100 1

106 /2 1011 103 103 103

1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;

C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);

C3=100.015((-550);

C4=10((-700)/500;

7=105((t)0.33;

8=1.9(104((t)0.75;

1.3





(t,

(, -

(10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10 10 103 103 3(104

200 /2 30 30 30 30

302.5 /2 30

302.5 /2 (t(T1 C1 C1

315 /2 (t(T1 C2 C2

/2

/2 3(1010 10-33 10-32

315 /2 1 1 104

400 /2 3(1010 10

400 /2 200 9

1400 /2 2(1011 2000 2000

1400 /2 100 1

106 /2 1011 1000 1000

1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;

C2=100.2((-295);

9=1.1(104((t)0.25;

1.2.

( .)
.
(,
).
, ,
, , ,
((<1.4 ).
( 1
0.1 . (0.1<(<1 ) -
( 11 .

, ,
1.1 1.3, ,
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.

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2.




.

2.1. 1

(
),
1.
() 1 0.4
1.4 , ,
,
( ) .
2.1 ( ,
1.4 )

2.1

1



- - (t,

(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104

200 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

302.5 24

302.5 (t(T1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1

315 (t(T1 0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2

0.79C2 0.79C2 0.79C2

24

315 24 7.9(10-9 7.9(10-9

400 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 0.79C1 7.9(103

400 21(104 10 10 10 3.9(10-3 3.9(10-3

/2 7 7 7 7 2.1(105 2.1(105

550* 200 3.9(10-7

/2 1011 21

550 700* /2 (t(T2 10310 10310

(t(T2 3.93 3.93

/ 2 10-67 10-67 10-67 10-67

/2 2(10-4 10310 10310 2(10-4

200 0.39( 10-6(3

/2 1011 213

700 24(10-7 24(10-7 410 410 410

1050* / 2 47 47 47 47 248

0.24 124 124

/ 2 4(108 6.44 6.44

1050 2(10-6 2(10-6 2(10-6 510 510

1400* / 2 7 7 7 7 7

2(103 6(104 6(104

/ 2 5(1011 3.2(104 3.2(104

1400 80 0.49 0.49 0.49

105 8(104 8(10-4 8(10-4 8(10-4

105 10-2 10-41 10-41 10-41

106 107 0.1 0.1 0.1

1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;

C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);

C3=100.015((-550);

C4=10((-700)/500; * 1.

7=105((t)0.33;

8=1.9(104((t)0.75;

9=1.1(104((t)0.25;

10=7(10-4((t)0.75;

2.2. 2

, (0.4<(<0.7
) . 1 ,
,
( ).
((t<0.25 )
2 1.

, 2
.

2.3. 3


1, 2 4 (
).
3 3 3.

2.3.1. 3

.
, -

.
3 5 (
2), 25 /2.

5 1 (. 2.2).

2.2

3



- - (t,

(, - (10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 1.8(10-5
1.8(10-5 5(10-5 5(10-5 10 10 103 103 104 104
3(104

200 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12

/2 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

302.5* 0.12

/2 30

302.5 (t(T1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1

315 (t(T1 4C2 4C2 4C2 4C2 4C2

4C2 4C2

/2 (t(T1 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1

/2 (t(T1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2

/2 C2 C2

0.12

/2 30

315 1.2(105 4(10-5

400 /2 3(1010 10

4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4C1 4(10-4

/2 C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 104

400 10-6 10-6 510 510

700 /2 5(10-3 5(10-3 6 6

1000 5(10-3 5(10-3 5(10-3

/2 5(106 25** 25** 25**

700 4(10-6 4(10-6 5410 5410 5410 5410

1050 /2 5(10-3( 4 5(10-3( 4 46 46 46 46

103(4 6(10-4( 4

/2 5(1064 3.24

1050 0.01 0.01 0.01 6 6 6

/2 0.05 0.05 0.05 56 56 56

1400 104 3(10-3

/2 5(107 16

1400 400 29 29 29 29

105 /2 100 1 1 1 1

4(105 4(10-3 4(10-3

/2 1011 103 103

105 50 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51

106 /2 100 1 1 1 1

5(107 0.5 0.5

/2 1011 103 103

1=5.6(103((t)0.25; T1=100.8((-295)-15;

C2=100.2((-295); T2=101+0.02((-550);

C4=10((-700)/500;

6=18((t)0.75; *

9=1.1(104((t)0.25; 3.

10=7(10-4((t)0.75; **

0.25 .

2.3.2. 3

,
( )
.
13
10 .
0.5 ,
100 /2.
3 2.3.

2.3

3



(, (t,

(10-9 10-9 0.25 0.25 3(104

200 302.5 3.8(10-4

3.8(10-5 1.5(10-3

302.5 315 1.25(10-5(2

1.25(104(2 5(10-5(2

315 400 0.125

1.25(108 0.5

400 700* /2 3.14(7 (105

0.5

/2 3.14(1011

700 1050* /2 3.14(4(7 (105

0.5

/2 3.14(1011

1050 1400* /2 15.7(7 (105

0.5

/2 1.57(1012

1400 106 /2 105

0.5

/2 1014

C2=100.2((-295);

C4=10((-700)/500; * 3.

7=105((t)0.33;

2.4. 4

,
, .
,
3. 4
.

2.5.


,
,
.
( ) ,
,
, :

(() = ((1) + ((1) + ... = ((1) / ((1) + ((1) /
((2) + ... < 1.

, , - ,
,

,
.

, ,
.
:

;

,
, ;

n (
)
( ) f>1 .
(t<10
5; (t>10
T=(t(n
n ;

,
() n<10 ,
.

,
( (t<10 ),
( (t>10 ).


1 4.
, ,
1 3, .
n>10, 3.

, 825-
- , ,
.

3. -



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.
.
:
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.

-
.

-
.



,
12.1.040-83.


, ,
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.

3.1.

5804-91


- (
), , ,
, .


(, ),
- .

:

380(1400 ,

180(380 1400 ,

180(105 (.. ) .

,
,
(
) , ,
.

5804-91
4 .

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-
()
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,

(
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4 :

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;

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, ;

,

(
10 ), (
);

,

10 .


.

3.1

3.2. .

5804-91
.
W
P , d=1.1 (
I II) d=7 ( II);
H E,
:

H=W/Sa; E=P/Sa (3.1)

Sa .

(


(3.2)

S0 , l
, (
.


(1
(>( .


. "
, ,
". :

, "
" ;

, "
(),
,
".

5(10
.


:
I III ( 180<((380 1400<((105
); II (
380<((1400 ).
:

(3.3)

( )
; i ,
()
i () .

3.2.1.

(=180(380 ( ,
)
H, E W, .
da=1.1(10-3 .

(3.4)



3.2





(, t, H, (-2;



315(((380 10(t(3(104 H=8(103; E=8(103/t

: 1. W=H(10-6; P=E(10-6.

2. T1=105(100.8((-295), (
.

3. 1.1(10-3 .


.

3.3




3.2.2 380<((1400




3.4







: 1. 1 .

2. = 7(10-3 .

3.2.3 380<((1400


3.7




(,

t, H, (-2;



t>102 E=5(102

: 1. = 1.1(10-3 .

2. W =10-6H; P =10-6E.

3.2.4. 1400<((105

3.8




(,

t, H, (-2;



t>102 E=5(102

: 1. = 1.1(10-3 .

2. W =10-6H; P =10-6E.

3.2.5.
,

( )


, 3.9.

3.9









(, -

(ti)ti>((10-2(H(((3(104)

380<(

**

2 W(t)(8(102(W(t) W(t)(8(102(W(t) P(t)(8(102(P(t)
**

3 W(t)(((104(W(t) *** W(t)(((104(W(t) ***
P(t)(((104(P(t) * ***

4 W(t)>((104(W(t) *** W(t)>((104(W(t) ***
P(t)>((104(P(t) * ***

3.9





(, -



750<(

*

2 W(t)(8(102(W(t) W(t)(8(102(W(t) P(t)(8(102(P(t)
**

3 W(t)(((10-2(H(t) *** W(t)(((10-2(H(t) ***
P(t)(((10-2(E(t) * ***

4 W(t)>((10-2(H(t) *** W(t)>((10-2(H(t) ***
P(t)>((10-2(E(t) * ***

1400<( 1 W(t)(H(t)S Wc(t)(Hc(t)S P(t)(E(t)S *

(105 2 W(t)(((10-2(H(t) W(t)(((10-2(H(t) P(t)(((10-2(E(t)
*

4 W(t)>((10-2(H(t) W(t)>((10-2(H(t) P(t)>((10-2(E(t)
*



*
180<((380 , 750<((1400 1400<((105 10 (
).

**
380<((750 0.25 ( ).

*** .



1.1.3.

2.

2.5.

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.5.


7 . . ,
( ) -
, -
.

(min,

0.03

0.01

0.003

0.001

0.1

(t, c

101

10-1

10-3

10-9

10-5

10-7

5

6

4

3

2

1


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