.. :
... ..
:
... ..
:
: 2
I:
.
1.
.
1. 蠠 4
2. . 10
2.
. 18
II:
.
- . 25
. 26
III:
.
1. 2005 . 34
2. 蠠 39
: 44
. 47
: 50
:
. . .
, . . - , .
90- . . . , 50%, 50 . , . . 1992-96 . - , . , , , .
, . , - , . - , .
, , .
, , - , . , .
, .
. : , .
I: .
1. .
1.
1995-1998 . , .
1991-1998 . 56% ( 49%). 22.8% 1995 . 20.4% 1998 .
1. (%).
1996 . 1995 . | 1997 . 1996 . | - 1998 . - 1997 . | |
- | 81,8 | 91,9 | |
93,0 | 85,2 | 177,1 | |
79,0 | 93,5 | 104,7 | |
76,0 | 95,6 | 108,7 | |
67,0 | 84,9 | 98,3 | |
70,0 | 105,8 | 110,6 | |
- | 123,2 | 159,6 | |
100,2 | 112,6 | 103,2 | |
79,0 | 91,4 | 97,8 | |
59,0 | 91,9 | 91,4 |
1 , , 1996 , 1997 , . 1998 , .
2. 1997 . 1998.
1997 . | % 1996 . | 1997 . 1990 . | .- 1998 . % .- 1997 . | |
, . | 5000 | 67.6 | 15.4 | 85.7 |
, . | 517 | 115.1 | 42.2 | 114.2 |
, . . | 3.5 | 100.0 | 16.7 | 110.6 |
. . 63-355 , . . | 341 | 75.8 | 12.9 | 105,3 |
, . . | 9.3 | 76.9 | 12.5 | 87,6 |
- , . | 1200 | 100.0 | 4.4 | 102.5 |
, . . | 146 | 109.0 | 22.5 | 105.0 |
, . . | 45.8 | 119.6 | - | 114.1 |
, . | 116 | 91.3 | 5.0 | |
, . . | 985 | 113.5 | 89.7 | 101.1 |
, . . | 12.6 | 90.0 | 5.9 | 75.8 |
, . . | 2.3 | 92.0 | 3.5 | 193.1 |
, . . | 4.2 | 120.0 | 18.6 | - |
, . . | 2.5 | 92.6 | 17.7 | - |
, . | 30 | 42.3 | - | |
, . . | 0.5 | 71.4 | 2.7 | - |
2 , . "" , , , , , .
1990 : 20% 1990 , , , , , , . , 90% , - , , , , , , , , , . , - , , , . . , , , .
- , .
3 , . , , , , , , 80- . , 5 , 2.5 13 .
3. -
( %).
1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |
: | 8.2 | 10.4 | 11.1 | 8.8 | 6.6 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.3 |
14.0 | 22.6 | 18.6 | 9.5 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | |
19.6 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 19.8 | 19.3 | 35.4 | 31.1 | 25.4 | |
100 .. | 33.2 | 36.4 | 36.4 | 30.5 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 31.0 | 39.5 |
30 .. | 14.0 | 14.8 | 16.7 | 21.5 | 24.0 | 39.0 | 30.0 | 13.1 |
, (100 .. ) ( 30 .. ) , , -, : 2-3 .
- 42 % 1990 ., - 46.4 %. 1.8 % 1.5 % ( 1997 . - 1.2 %), - 1.6% 0.9 %. 50 . 5 %, . , , 1996 50 %.
, 4, , .
4. .
, %% | ( ) | |||||||
1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | |
100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 41.7 | 46.4 | 48.5 | 47.2 | |
26.9 | 27.2 | 22.3 | 22.8 | 41.1 | 47.5 | 47.5 | 50.1 |
, 1996 . . , 37.9 % 21.4 %, - 67.8 % 42 %.
15 . ( 5 ) 33 % 1985 8.7 % 1996 . 20 - 12.9 % 25.4 %. 16 20 . 65 % 10 .
25 40 %, . ( , - , 3- 17 %, 6- - 20 %), - .
- 30%, 73%, 5 24% ( , , , - , , ). , .
. - 1996 7.8% 1990 . - 23% 1990 . 8% 1996 ., .
( ) .
5.
( %).
1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | |
) | 8.3 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
) | 23.0 | 23.0 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 |
5, .
, , , . 1992 . . 1992 .
7. .
1992 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | |||||
. . | % | . . | % | . . | % | . . | % | |
- | 42.4 | 100 | 65.6 | 100 | 71.9 | 100 | 67.5 | 100 |
, . | 3.8 | 8.9 | 5.3 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 7.7 | 5.5 | 8.1 |
- | - | - | 14.3 | 100 | 15.6 | 100 | 16.4 | 100 |
, . | - | - | 2.6 | 18.4 | 2.7 | 17.2 | 3.2 | 19.5 |
- | 37.0 | 100 | 33.1 | 100 | 31.4 | 100 | 37.5 | 100 |
, . | 13.9 | 37.7 | 12.8 | 38.4 | 11.6 | 37.0 | 14.3 | 38.1 |
- | - | - | 13.6 | 100 | 14.0 | 100 | 13.5 | 100 |
, . | - | - | 3.0 | 21.8 | 2.8 | 20.0 | 3.3 | 24.4 |
, ; - , . - , , , ; - , , .
, , , , .
50 %. 80 %.
2. .
, , . , , , . , . (44 89) , ( 20%).
, 1995 ., - , 4 : I , 30%; II - 30% 20%; III - 20% 10%; IV - 10%. . I - , , . II - , , . III , , " " . IV - , , , , .
, . -, ( ), "" . -, 1998 . , .
I 8. 1995 ., - 1998 ., , : 17 , 1995 ., 1998 . 15. , . ( 25 42 %), - 28 39 % - 25 31 %.
, , : 1995 47 % , 1998 - 60 %.
8. I % (. )
I .
, 1995 . 50 %, . 8, "" - , , , .
1998 71 % ( "", , , , , , ). . "", " ", "-", "", , ; " ".
4 122 %, . 3.3 % 1995 . 4.4 % 1998 . 1997 . - 135.4 %.
-, "", . "" , 17 % 50 % .
, , . , , , , , , , , . - ""; "", "", " .", "". "" - 1998 14.7 %, 1995 . , 3 . 1995 - 1998 .. 15 %.
60% 75 % , . , , , 1998 , , , . 1998 18 %.
60 % . , , - , . "" ( ), "", ""( ), , "", "" .
- 99.9 %, 57.8 % 1995 . 61 % 1998 .
, , (, -, -, -, ), 1995 . 52 % , 1998 . 63 %. : 1995 . 7.7 %, 1998 . - 13 %, 1995 1998 1.5 .
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 4 , , .
"", 60 % . 12 % ( FIAT), .
- 1995 50 %, 1998 . - 45 %, , , 1995 1998 5 %. - 1995 . 1.9 %, 1998 2.2 %.
: , , , , ( ). , - ( , ""), " ", , " ".
, , , , . , , , , , .
50 % 1995 ., 1998 . , , , , -, . -, 1998 . . 1995-1998 .. ( 8), 1 , . (111.4 %) (115.2 %) , .
, , , , . , - , - - , .
( , , , , ), 24-39 %. , , , , , . , , , ,
II 9. (. )
9, 24 , . 1995 . (32.4%) . 1998 . 25.4%, . 6 , 1999 . 1995 . 28.1% 39%, 25.1% 42.1%. 4 ( - 151.3%, - 147.1%). . , .
, , , , , , . , , . , . .
. : , , , -, , , , , , , - , , . 1998 . , (. 2) . , , . (. 3). ( "", " ") , , . , "" John Deere ( 1999 . , ), - Daewoo .
, .
6 .. , , -, , , , , , , ;
1997-1998 (. , , , ). , , . , 1993. 30.9%, 1998 . 17.4%, , . "", , 92% . "" , , . , (" ", " "). .
, ( , , , , , , , ; ).
, .
II : , , . , . : .
III , " " , 10. (. )
1995 . 18% . 1999 . 16.1% II.
, ( ) . , , : ( ), , (, ), ( ).
9 18 , . , , (4%). . , -, . - , , , , . ( ). ( , "", .).
2.. .
.
, , 1992 . . 5200 38% , 13% - , 15% .
. 1999 6.1% . ( 10% 1992 . 6.9% 1998) ( 11). , , . : , 1998 . 30% ( 1990 . -20%), 12% - ( 7%), 14% (11 %); , - 89%, ( 1990 - 93%).
( 12) 1995-1998 . - , , . .
11 , % (. ).
12. , % (. ).
.
90- 85 . . , , .
40 ( 70 . . ) , , - .
25% (65 ) , 8.6% . 350 .
, 5 , , , , - . , . .
, , , ( 3). , , . 1995 1998 , . . , , - , , .
13. 1995-1998 , % (. )
, , 90- . 1994 31%. 40% - .
185 , - - , 80% - . , , , , .
- , , , . , , - . , , , 1989 . , 1992 50%, - 70%. 85% .
, 16%, - 11.5%, - 3.6%. , , - .
( ) - , . , . - ( 70% - ).
, : . 50% ( ) 15 . , . , 1990 . 15-21 . 30% 15-20 .
, , , ( 20 90%). , , , , . , , , , .
, . , , , .
, , , . , , , .
, .
, 100 , - - . , - ( ), , , "", "", , " - ", ., .
. 30% , 7,5 . .
, , , " " , . , , - .
, , , , . , 90- : , , , , , , , . . . , . , , , , .
, , , 1994 1995 .. 1992 . 37%, - 53% - 28%. : - 28%, - 57%. 1997 . 1998 . .
"" - ( "", . , - , "", "" . ) , , ( , .), - , . , , () , : , , ; - , - ; , -; , , , .
.
- 1999. 1998. 122,8% 115,2%, 1997. - 108,4% 106,5%.
. .
II: .
- .
, , , .
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) , , .
.
, , , , .. , ( , , ..). . .
( , , ), (, , ).
. : , , , ..
. : - , , , , , , .
, . , , .
() . , , , .
, .
.
.
, . ( , , ). - , .
. , , ( , ) . , ( ), .
, , .
, . , ( ) , , . , ( ) .
- :
y(t) - , , t ( );
dy(t) - y(t);
R(t) - , , , - - ;
F - . R F. , , , , (dy=R(y)) (dy=F(y,R));
x(t) - ;
dx(t) - x(t). x(t) dx(t) - y(t), dy(t). n1 n2 - , ( x dx) .
, , , , n dn . . , n dn . , , .
.
( ) , , . :
1. .
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. -
7.
- . , , , . , , , , .
.
. , .. .
. , . . , , , - , . (, ).
, . , , . , .
- , . , , () ( ).
-
. , ( , , ..)
, , , . , , , , .
, , . .
. - , - , , . , - .
. , , (.. , ). ( ) . , .
( ),
() . , . , - . , .
(). , , , , .
-. , , , ( - ). , , , .., "" ( .
, . . , , , , ( , , , - .). , , , . . - , , - . , . .
, , . , - , . : , , "" . - , . , , . - , . , , , , - .
, , . - . - ,
III: .
1. 2005 .
. - - , . 70- , . - . , , , , . , , .
, , - , 2000 . . , , ( , ). , 2005 . ( 2005 .) , . , , :
1) , ;
2) ( ) ;
3) , , ( );
4) , .
, . , , , .
2005 . , - .
2005 . :
1 - -.
2 - .
1 , , . , , , , , - .
, , (- ) . - (-, .) , .
, , . , , .
, . " " , , , . , 2005 . , , . "" , , -, . , .
, 2000-2005 , 10-15%.
1.3 4% . - 8% 2005 . 1999 . , - , , , 1.5 , .
, . (, 1,5 ) , . 1,3 - . 1,2 , , , . , , .
2 - - 90- . . . . , , , , .
( 8% ) , 1999 . , , . , 90% . , - - . , .
, (108,9 %), 1999 .
2005 . 1995 ., %
() | ||||||
152.0 | 112.0 | 92.0 | 148.0 | 32.0 | 184.0 | |
152.5 | 112.1 | 91.9 | 148.3 | 31.4 | 184.4 | |
148.7 | 111.0 | 92.3 | 146.3 | 36.0 | 181.7 | |
142.9 | 108.6 | 93.6 | 141.4 | 42.9 | 174.3 | |
146.2 | 111.5 | 92.3 | 146.2 | 38.5 | 180.8 |
2005 . 1995.
108,0 | 147,0 | |
102,3 | 118,8 | |
102,2 | 106,9 | |
102,0 | 131,1 | |
108,9 | 151,0 |
( % )
( % ) | ||||
15.0 | 7.5 | 5.2 | ||
85.0 | 6.5 | 2.5 | ||
80.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | ||
78.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 |
( % ) | ||||
95.0 | 95.0 | 97.0 | ||
20.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | ||
7.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | ||
1.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
2.
( )
: -38 . ..; -74 - "" ""; -3, -38, -101, "", -114 . . . ; - -200 " "; ; "" ""; "", "-", " " "" .
- : , - , "-2000".
, : 384 ; " ""; "" , "", "-" , (. ) .
: , " "; - " "; ; " "; "- "".
: "" "" . ; .
, , " " .
1997 "-2000" - . "-2000" - : 73 %, - .
"2000" -- , , - - , . ( ) "-2000" (): ( ); ( , ), ( , ). , "-2000" 55 . , .
, , . - - , . 70- , . - . , , , , . , , .
, , - .
, , ( , ). , 2005 . ( 2005 .) , . , , :
1) , ;
2) ( ) ;
3) , , ( );
4) , .
, . , , , . , , , " , (, , ), " 18: , , , " ", - , - , "", "", , , , "", , "".
, , 2005 .: - .
, , . , , , , , - .
, . , , "-2000", . , , .
- 90- . . .
, 1995 . , , . , 80% . , - - . , .
:
, .
1. , . . , 60 %, , - ( 40 % ).
2. - . , , , , .
3. 90- 88 81 % ( 8.5 15 %) . . , - , . - .
4. , , , . , . - , , . - . 1992-1996 .. 42 28 % ( 40 60 %).
5. - - , . - . , - - , . , (, , .) .
6. 90 % . , , , :
;
, , ;
;
, ;
, , , , , - , .
7. :
, , , , , , , , , . , .
1. . - . /, 1, 1997.
2. . - - . /, 1, 1997.
3. . - . /, 8, 1997.
4. . - . /. 2, 1997.
5. . - . /, 10, 1997
6. . - . /, 3, 1997.
7. . - - . /, 10, 1997.
8. . , . - . /, 10, 1997.
9. . - . / , 3, 1997.
10. . - . / , 9, 1997.
11. . - . /, 2, 1998.
12. . - XXI . /, 4, 1998.
13. . - . /, 3, 1998.
14. . . , . - . / , 4, 1999.
15. . . , . . - . / , 6, 1999.
16. . . - XXI . / , 4, 1999.
17. . - . /, 12, 1999.
18. . - , . /, 4, 1999.
19. . - . /, 2, 1999.
20. . - . /, 3, 1999.
21. . - - . /, 11, 1999.
22. . , . - . /, 9, 1999.
23. . - : . /, 7, 1999.
24. . , . - . / , 9, 1999.
25. - . / , 1, 1999.
26. . . - . / , , 1994.
27. . . - - . /"", , 1993.
28. . . , . . - : . / . - ., 1997.
29. . - . /, 19.05.99.
30. . / , ., 1999.
31. . . / , ., 1999.
32. .. 35- - . , 1999, 5, . 1-3.
33. . : . , 1999, 4, . 17-22.
.., .. . ,1996, 4, . 64-67.
34. .., .., .. . , 1996, 5, . 67-71.
35. .., .., .. . , 1999, 8, . 13-17.
36. . . , 1999, 12, .17-22.
37. .. : ? , 1999, 2, . 80-84.
38. 2005 . . , , 1999, 3 .
39. ., . . . , 1999, 11, . 3-14.
40. 100- " ". ... , 1998, 12, . 1-3.
41. .. . , 1999, 10, . 1-5.
42. - . , ., 1992.
43. 2005 . , 1999, 3, . 12-15.
44. .., .., .. . , 1997, 9, . 1-5.
45. . . , 1999, 34, . 24-28.
46. .. - . , 1999, 6, . 26-28.
47. .., .. . , 1998, 3, . 14-16.
48. . . , ., 1999.
49. . , 1999, 2, . 12-16.
50. .. . , 1997, 2, . 3-5.
51. . . 1. . -. ., -, 1998.
52. . , ., 1999.
53. . : , . , 1999, 25.
54. ., . I . , 1999, 3, . 20-23.
55. .. - . , 1999, 6, . 58-59.
56. .. . , 1998, 12, . 55-61.
57. .. . , 1999, 4, . 20-23.
:
- - | - - | () | ||||||
1995 | 1998 | 1995 | 1998 | 1996/ 1995 | 1997/ 1996 | 1998/ 1997 | 1998/1995 | |
1. . | 62.2 | 70.8 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 91.0 | 135.4 | 80.7 | 122.0 |
2. . | 58.1 | 53.8 | 11.6 | 14.7 | 105.7 | 108.1 | 82.4 | 115.0 |
3. . | 57.8 | 61.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 83.3 | 97.6 | 100.5 | 99.9 |
4. . | 52.2 | 62.7 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 101.2 | 105.4 | 117.0 | 152.5 |
5. | 49.8 | 45.2 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 82.3 | 100.6 | 104.0 | 105.2 |
6. | 48.7 | 45.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 78.4 | 103.3 | 93.5 | 92.5 |
7. - | 45.0 | 48.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 85.1 | 88.0 | 102.0 | 93.4 |
8. . | 45.0 | 50.8 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 74.1 | 123.3 | 99.8 | 111.4 |
9. . | 41.9 | 27.9 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 81.0 | 78.7 | 79.4 | 61.9 |
10. . | 41.7 | 32.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 64.2 | 94.5 | 87.4 | 64.8 |
11. . | 40.9 | 36.9 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 83.2 | 90.0 | 79.7 | 72.7 |
12. . | 40.2 | 42.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 86.6 | 96.6 | 93.8 | 95.9 |
13. . - | 37.5 | 38.0 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 62.5 | 119.2 | 92.0 | 83.8 |
14. . | 36.8 | 24.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 69.3 | 119.2 | 75.5 | 76.2 |
15. . | 35.4 | 48.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 84.2 | 110.1 | 101.7 | 115.2 |
16. | 34.8 | 33.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 80.7 | 95.2 | 78.9 | 74.1 |
17. . | 32.0 | 37.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 76.0 | 115.9 | 88.8 | 95.6 |
18. . | 25.1 | 42.1 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 101.3 | 121.5 | 97.8 | 147.1 |
19. | 28.1 | 39.0 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 77.7 | 87.8 | 181.5 | 151.3 |
20. . | 25.0 | 31.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 83.1 | 121.6 | 93.0 | 114.9 |
() | |||||||||
1995 | 1998 | 1995 | 1998 | 1996/1995 | 1997/1996 | 1998/1997 | 1998/1995 | ||
1. | . | 28. 5 | 22. 7 | 0. 5 | 0. 5 | 74. 9 | 100. 1 | 86. 3 | 79. 1 |
2. | 28. 1 | 39. 0 | 1. 1 | 1. 9 | 77. 7 | 87. 8 | 181. 5 | 151. 3 | |
3. | 27. 0 | 21. 6 | 1. 4 | 0. 9 | 81. 6 | 84. 3 | 71 | 59. 7 | |
4. | 26. 8 | 9. 9 | 3. 6 | 1. 7 | 88. 7 | 92. 7 | 51. 5 | 44. 5 | |
5. | . | 26. 2 | 17. 4 | 6. 5 | 4. 0 | 39. 9 | 110. 1 | 105. 3 | 56. 5 |
6. | . | 26. 1 | 27. 8 | 1. 1 | 1. 1 | 82. 7 | 99. 7 | 95. 6 | 96. 3 |
7. | . | 25. 7 | 18. 7 | 1. 3 | 0. 9 | 48. 6 | 107. 5 | 91 | 58. 1 |
8. | . | 25. 7 | 25. 8 | 0. 7 | 0. 6 | 71. 6 | 122. 1 | 76 | 81. 2 |
9. | . | 25. 1 | 42. 1 | 2. 2 | 3. 5 | 101. 3 | 121. 5 | 97. 8 | 147. 1 |
10. | . | 25. 0 | 31. 2 | 0. 5 | 0. 6 | 83. 1 | 121. 6 | 93. 0 | 114. 9 |
11. | 24. 5 | 24. 2 | 0. 3 | 0. 3 | 69. 6 | 114 | 95. 6 | 92. 7 | |
12. | 24. 0 | 13. 1 | 0. 1 | 0. 1 | 52. 0 | 66. 9 | 102. 3 | 43. 5 | |
13. | 22. 8 | 7. 6 | 0. 5 | 0. 2 | 71. 2 | 56. 8 | 55. 4 | 27. 4 | |
14. | . | 22. 2 | 16. 5 | 0. 8 | 0. 8 | 63. 5 | 104. 7 | 103. 3 | 83. 9 |
15. | - .. | 22. 1 | 0. 1 | 0. 0 | 0. 0 | 66 | 117. 8 | 39. 3 | 31. 3 |
16. | . | 21. 6 | 10. 9 | 0. 6 | 0. 4 | 78. 2 | 69. 6 | 91. 6 | 60. 9 |
17. | . | 21. 1 | 14. 3 | 1. 2 | 0. 9 | 66. 1 | 87. 4 | 97 | 68. 5 |
18. | . | 21. 1 | 13. 3 | 1. 0 | 0. 5 | 76. 9 | 71. 2 | 75. 2 | 50. 3 |
19. | . | 20. 7 | 21. 2 | 1. 3 | 1. 2 | 71. 6 | 95. 3 | 99. 7 | 83. 1 |
20. | .. | 20. 4 | 17. 8 | 0. 1 | 0. 0 | 105 | 63. 7 | 62. 6 | 51. 2 |
21. | . | 20. 1 | 13. 6 | 4. 2 | 2. 6 | 79 | 85. 9 | 67. 3 | 55. 8 |
22. | . | 41. 9 | 27. 9 | 0. 5 | 0. 3 | 81 | 78. 7 | 79. 4 | 61. 9 |
23. | . | 36. 8 | 24. 7 | 2. 0 | 1. 6 | 69. 3 | 119. 2 | 75. 5 | 76. 2 |
24. | 9. 5 | 21. 5 | 0. 3 | 0. 8 | 68. 1 | 193. 7 | 125. 8 | 202. 8 |
|
|